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Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokukhethwa kwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ahlanzekile

Ⅰ.i-sodium metasilicate

1.Izakhiwo zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali

I-crystalline powder emhlophe. Kulula ukuncibilika emanzini futhi unciphise isisombululo se-alkali; Ayincibiliki kuma-alcohols nama-asidi. Isixazululo esinamanzi sine-alkaline. Ichayeke emoyeni, ijwayele ukumuncwa umswakama kanye nokonakala. Ifomula yamakhemikhali ithi Na2SiO3. Iphoyinti lokuncibilika 1088 ℃, ukuminyana 2.4 g/cm. I-sodium metasilicate incibilika kalula emanzini. Ixubene ngokwekhemikhali nequartz kanye nesoda ash futhi incibilike ndawonye ku-1000-1350 ℃ ukwenza i-sodium metasilicate. Isixazululo se-viscous aqueous se-sodium metasilicate sibizwa ngengilazi yamanzi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sodium silicate. Ingasetshenziswa njengesilondolozi, okokuhlanza, okunamathelayo, okokuvimbela umlilo, okokuvikela amanzi, njll. Inemisebenzi efana nokususwa kwesikali, i-emulsification, ukuhlakazwa, ukumanzisa, ukungena, kanye nekhono lokubhafa kwe-pH.

Izimo zokusetshenziswa ze-sodium metasilicate zingasetshenziswa kuphela uma inani le-pH likhulu noma lilingana no-12. Uma inani le-pH lingaphansi kwe-12, i-metasilicate ye-sodium ijwayele ukukhiqiza i-metasilicic acid esixazululweni, yakha imvula engancibiliki emanzini.
2.Ukuhlukaniswa

(1) I-sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
Izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali:

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-sodium metasilicate, esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ejwayelekile i-pentahydrate sodium metasilicate. I-molecular formula ye-pentahydrate sodium metasilicate crystals ivame ukubhalwa njenge-Na2SiO3 · 5H2O, empeleni i-tetrahydrate ye-sodium dihydrogen orthosilicate enama-cations amabili. Ukuncibilika kwayo (20 ℃) ​​amanzi angu-50g/100g, futhi indawo yawo yokuncibilika ingu-72 ℃. I-metasilicate ye-sodium yamanzi emihlanu inezici ezijwayelekile ze-sodium silicate kanye ne-sodium metasilicate, futhi inekhono elithile lokubopha i-calcium ions ne-magnesium, ikakhulukazi enamandla okubopha ama-ion e-magnesium angaphezu kuka-260mg MgCO2/g (35 ℃, 20min).

Izici eziyinhloko:

1.Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukene zokuwasha. Embonini yokuwasha, njenge-ultra concentrated laundry detergent, ilondolo yokuwasha, ukhilimu wokuhlanza, i-ejenti yokuhlanza okomile, i-fiber whitening agent, i-ejenti yokuhlanza indwangu, njll., ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza indawo yensimbi, ibhodlela likabhiya, i-ejenti yokuhlanza i-solvent ye-float. Ngemuva kokuqedwa okugcwele, ingasetshenziswa njenge-metal rust inhibitor, i-ejenti yokuhlanza isikali, i-ejenti yokuhlanza ingxenye kagesi, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-detergent embonini yokudla.

2. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesilawuli sokungaguquguquki kodaka kanye ne-demulsifier yodaka kuwoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokubhola kwemvelo kanye nobunjiniyela bezimayini.

3. Embonini yezokwakha, isetshenziswa njenge-coagulant yokulungisa udaka olumelana ne-asidi, ukhonkolo olumelana ne-asidi, nosimende.

4. Embonini yephepha, ingasetshenziswa njenge-adhesive, i-ejenti yokuhlubula uyinki ephepheni likadoti, kanye ne-ejenti yokwelapha engaphezulu kwephepha.

5. Njengomsizi wokuphrinta nokudaya kanye ne-ejenti yokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwendwangu embonini yendwangu. 6. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengokugcwalisa insipho, okokuhlanza, okokugcina amaqanda, kanye nesihlungo semolekyuli yezitshalo, i-silicic acid, nezinto ezingashi.

6. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengokugcwalisa insipho, okokuhlanza, okokugcina amaqanda, kanye nesihlungo semolekyuli yezitshalo, i-silicic acid, nezinto ezingashi.

7.Embonini ye-ceramic, ukwengeza i-sodium metasilicate pentahydrate ku-ceramic slurry kungakhuphula inkokhiso engemihle engaphezulu yezinhlayiya zobumba ezingaphili, kusebenzise umthelela we-charge repulsion ukuze kuncishiswe i-viscosity ye-ceramic slurry, futhi kwandise uketshezi. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kunqubo yokubumba umjovo we-ceramic

I-8.I-sodium metasilicate pentahydrate isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-detergent yasendlini kanye ne-detergent yokuwasha ngenxa ye-alkalinity yayo enhle kakhulu yokufaka emshinini wokuwasha, ukuvikela ukubola kwezinsimbi ezikhanyayo (i-aluminium, i-zinc, njll.), umphumela wokuvikela ku-glassware kanye ne-porcelain, kanye nekhono layo lokumisa nokumisa ukungcola kwamanzi; Ingakwazi futhi ukuhlanza amabala kawoyela angaphandle enjini. Isihlanzi sezimboni; Ama-ejenti okuhlanza ukudla; Izinsimbi zokuhlanza izinsimbi; Mayelana nokwelashwa kwendwangu kanye ne-ink yephepha, iyisengezo esibalulekile sezinto zokuhlanza ezigxilile, izihlanzi ezingena-phosphorus neziphansi ze-phosphorus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye isetshenziswe embonini ye-ceramic kanye nemboni ye-petroleum.

Ukuxuba nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa:

1.I-sodium citrate
2.Igluconate yesodium
3.I-Sodium polyacrylate
4.EDTA-4Na
5.I-sodium hydroxide

Qaphela:

1.Ukuhogela umoya noma ukumunca kungabangela izimpawu zobuthi obunamandla obufana ne-gastroenteritis, okungase kube yingozi. Ukuthintana kwesikhumba kungabangela i-dermatitis noma ukoma.

2. Ukuchayeka ekushiseni okuphezulu noma ukuthintana ne-asidi noma inkungu ye-alkali kukhipha intuthu enobuthi obukhulu.

(2) I-anhydrous sodium metasilicate

Izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali:

Ifomula yemolekyuli: I-Na2SiO3 (Na2O. SiO2) into empunga emhlophe noma ekhanyayo. I-sodium metasilicate iyimpushana emhlophe engenabo ubuthi futhi engangcolisi noma izinhlayiya ezicwebezelayo ezincibilika emanzini kodwa ezingancibiliki kuma-alcohols nama-asidi. Isixazululo saso esinamanzi sine-alkaline futhi sinamandla okususa isikali, i-emulsify, ihlakaze, imanzi, ingene, kanye nenani le-pH lebhafa. Njengoba iyingxenye yemikhiqizo kasawoti wezinto ezingaphili, kulula ukumunca umswakama kanye nokonakala uma ibekwe emoyeni.

Injongo eyinhloko:

1. Insiza yokuhlanza impushana. I-ISS ne-4A zeolite inemisebenzi ehambisanayo, futhi uma ixutshwe ngesilinganiso esiphusile, ingashintsha ngokuphelele i-STPP kumshini wokuwasha izingubo. Ayikwazi nje ukukhiqiza impushana yokuwasha eyejwayelekile ngokumisa isifutho njengesithako sangaphambili, kodwa futhi ikhiqize impushana yokuwasha egxilile nge-agglomeration njengempushana eyisisekelo. Umkhiqizo une-liquidity enhle, awukho ukuhlanganisa, awukho u-caking, namandla aqinile okususa ukungcola.

2 okokuhlanza izingubo nezithasiselo zokuhlanza izingubo. Ukuhambisana okuhle nama-surfactants nama-bleaching agents, akukho hydrolysis, akukho imvula.

Izidlo ezi-3 ze-detergent. Inani lokumunca uwoyela liphezulu njenge-70%, futhi ikhono layo lokususa amabala kawoyela lithatha indawo ye-hydrated sodium silicate (inani lokumunca uwoyela lama-38%).

4 Ama-ejenti okuhlanza izimboni kanye nezithasiselo. I-ISS iyingxenye ebalulekile yama-ejenti okuhlanza ahlukahlukene njengama-ejenti okuhlanza insimbi, ama-ejenti okuhlanza uwoyela asindayo, ama-ejenti okuhlanza amapayipi kawoyela, nezinto zokuhlanza amabhodlela namabhodlela. Inamandla okuhlanza aqinile kanye ne-anti-corrosion kanye nemiphumela yokuvimbela ukugqwala.

5. Hlanza amabala amafutha ngokuqondile. I-ISS ingaxutshwa ngokuqondile ekuhlanganiseni okufanelekile kwesisombululo esinamanzi ngaphandle kwesidingo sama-surfactants ukuze ahlanze amabala kawoyela.

6. Amaceramic, usimende, izinto eziphikisayo, nezinsiza zokugaya. I-ISS inomphumela oyingqayizivele wokunciphisa ukujiya kanye ne-depolymerization, engafinyeza ngempumelelo isikhathi esihle sokugaya, ithuthukise amandla e-embryo kanye nebanga likasimende ekukhiqizeni izitsha zobumba, usimende, nezinto eziphikisayo.

7. Izithasiselo zikasimende nama-disperants ukuze kwakhiwe.

8. Ukususwa kokugqwala kwe-Electroplating kanye ne-ejenti yokupholisha, i-ejenti yokubhafa ye-pH.

9. Ukushisisa kwentambo kakotini, ukucwecwa kwephepha, i-ejenti yokuqedela indwangu.

I-10.Isetshenziswa njenge-adhesive kanye ne-dispersant kasimende kumafutha, igesi yemvelo, kanye namaphrojekthi okumba ngaphansi kwamanzi.

11 ngeye-anti-corrosion and corrosion proof proof.

12 ukugcinwa kwesithando somlilo, i-masonry adhesive.

Izithako ezikhethekile eziyi-13 nezithasiselo zama-thixotropes.

I-ejenti yokuqinisa ingilazi engu-14.

 

Ⅱ.Umphumela we-Emulsification

Incazelo:

I-Emulsification inqubo yokuhlakaza uketshezi lube oketshezini lwesibili olungenakulinganiswa. Uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke lwe-emulsifier insipho, impushana yokuhlanza, nezinye izinhlanganisela, isakhiwo sayo esiyisisekelo siyiketango le-alkyl elimhlophe ekugcineni. Emzimbeni womuntu, i-bile ingafaka amafutha ukuze yakhe izinhlayiya ezincane ze-lipid.

I-Emulsifier:

Isenzakalo soketshezi olubili olungakwazi ukuncibilika ndawonye ngenxa yesenzo sama-surfactants sibizwa ngokuthi i-emulsification phenomenon. Ama-surfactants ane-emulsifying effect abizwa ngokuthi ama-emulsifiers. Indlela ye-Emulsification: Ngemva kokwengeza ama-surfactants, ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo eziphila emanzini, akhangiswa kalula futhi anothiswe ku-interface yamanzi kawoyela, ehlisa ukungezwani phakathi kobuso. Ukungezwani kwe-interface kuyisici esikhulu esithinta ukuzinza kwama-emulsion. Ngoba ukwakheka kwama-emulsion kwandisa ngokungenakugwenywa indawo ehlangene yesistimu, okudinga ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi ohlelweni, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amandla ahlangene wesistimu. Lona umthombo wokungaqini kwesistimu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwandiswe ukuzinza kwesistimu, ukungezwani kwe-interface kungancishiswa, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla okusebenza okuhlangene. Ngenxa yekhono labo lokunciphisa ukungezwani kobuso, ama-surfactants angama-emulsifiers amahle kakhulu.

Indlela ye-Emulsification:

Noma yisiphi isithako esinganciphisa ukungezwani kobuso sizuzisa ukwakheka nokuzinza kwama-emulsion. Njengoba i-carbon chain ikhula, ukwehla kokungezwani kobuso kancane kancane kuyanda, futhi umphumela we-emulsification uqina kancane kancane, wenze i-emulsion ezinzile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwani okuphansi kobuso akusona ukuphela kwesici esinquma ukuzinza kwama-emulsion. Amanye ama-alcohol anekhabhoni ephansi, njenge-pentanol, anganciphisa ukungezwani phakathi kwamafutha namanzi abe sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, kodwa awakwazi ukwakha ama-emulsion azinzile. Amanye ama-macromolecules, njenge-gelatin, angase angabi nomsebenzi ophezulu, kodwa angama-emulsifiers amahle kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwempushana eqinile njenge-emulsifier ukwakha i-emulsion ezinzile kuyisibonelo esidlulele kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, nakuba ukunciphisa ukungezwani kobuso kwenza kube lula ukuthi ama-emulsion akheke, ukunciphisa ukungezwani kobuso akwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-emulsion.

Ngamafuphi, izinga lokungezwani kobuso ngokuyinhloko libonisa ubunzima bokubunjwa kwe-emulsion, futhi akuyona isilinganiso esingenakugwenywa sokuzinza kwe-emulsion. Ama-Emulsifiers ashintsha isimo sokusebenzelana, avumela uketshezi olubili, uwoyela namanzi, obekungeke kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​kuhlanganiswe ndawonye. Isigaba esisodwa soketshezi sihlakazeka sibe yizinhlayiya eziningi ezihlakazekile kwesinye isigaba, zenze i-emulsion.

 

Ⅲ.Isigaba sokwengeza

1 Isithako sikasawoti

(1) Izithako zikasawoti ezingaphili, ama-phosphates:

A. I-sodium tripolyphosphate: Inomphumela omuhle wokuhlanza ekungcolisweni kukawoyela osindayo, okunemiphumela ye-chelating, dispersing and emulsifying, i-corrosion inhibition kanye nemiphumela yokuvimbela ukugqwala. I-Phosphates ngokuvamile inomthelela ogqwalile ethusi kanye nomthelela wokuvimbela ukugqwala ensimbi.

B. I-sodium hexametaphosphate: isithasiselo esihle samafutha alula.

C.Potassium (sodium) pyrophosphate; Isengezo esihle samabala kawoyela asindayo,

Ama-silicates

I-Sodium carbonate: ingenza uwoyela saponify futhi ithambise amanzi, ijeli emanzi njengowoyela futhi inomphumela omuhle wokuvimbela ukugqwala enanini elingu-PH lesisombululo. Ihambisana nemvelo futhi ayinabungozi empilweni yomuntu ngesikhathi sokuhlanza.

I-sodium chloride: i-inorganic penetrant enhle enganciphisa ukugcwala kweglue futhi inomphumela omuhle wokujiya.

I-sodium sulfate: i-filler enhle engathuthukisa umsebenzi wama-surfactants.

I-Borax: Incibilika emanzini kodwa ngokuncibilika okuphansi, inyibilika ku-propylene glycol, inomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa umsebenzi ongaphezulu, inzalo kanye nokuvimbela ukugqwala.

I-sodium hydroxide: Inomphumela we-saponification kumafutha namafutha. I-sodium silicate: Ngemva kokuncibilika emanzini, yenza ingilazi yamanzi futhi iyisihlanzi esisebenzayo esihlakaza amafutha namafutha.

I-Trisodium phosphate: ingasetshenziswa njengesithambisi samanzi, okokuhlanza, i-metal rust inhibitor, i-boiler descaling agent, i-degreaser, kanye ne-ejenti yokubopha.

(2) Izithako zikasawoti eziphilayo

I-ETDA disodium, i-trisodium, ne-tetrasodium: I-Disodium ne-tetrasodium isetshenziswa kakhulu, kanti i-disodium ine-asidi ebuthakathaka futhi i-tetrasodium i-alkaline ebuthakathaka. Zingasetshenziswa njengama-chelating agents, ikakhulukazi ukuze i-chelate calcium ne-magnesium ion, ithuthukise umsebenzi ongaphezulu, ibe nemiphumela emihle yokuhlanza, ingasetshenziswa njengama-rust inhibitors, ibe nemiphumela emihle yokuxazulula izinkinga, futhi inganciphisa ukugxila kweglue.

I-sodium citrate (i-ammonium): i-chelates ion ferrous ne-iron, inezindawo zokususa ukugqwala, futhi inemiphumela emihle ye-chelation kuma-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium. Ingashintsha i-trimerization njengesithako sokuhlanza esingenabuthi.

I-sodium gluconate: inomphumela omuhle wokususa ukugqwala, nomphumela ongcono kakhulu wokususa ukugqwala kune-disodium EDTA, kodwa ibiza kakhulu.

I-Organic phosphate: I-HEDP-4Na inamandla okwenza i-calcium, i-magnesium, insimbi, i-aluminium, nama-ion e-zinc, umphumela omuhle wokuhlanza, umphumela olimazayo ezingxenyeni zethusi, inani le-alkaline pH elingaphezu kuka-12, i-alkalinity eqinile, futhi iyi-degreaser enhle.

Usawoti we-Benzoate:

I-sodium benzoate: ine-anti-corrosion kanye nemiphumela ehambisanayo.

I-sodium dimethylbenzenesulfonate: inomphumela omuhle wokuhambisana, kodwa umphumela wokuhlanza obuthakathaka. Umthelela wokuhlanganisa wokwenziwa ubalulekile, njenge-triethanolamine, i-alcohol ether, njll.

I-Sodium polyacrylate: Ububi ukuthi ingena kalula emanzini futhi ayihlakazeki kalula. Izisindo zamangqamuzana ezihlukene zinemiphumela ehlukene. Inomphumela oqinile we-chelating, osiza ukulwa nobulukhuni bamanzi futhi uthuthukise ikhono lokuhlanza lama-detergents.

I-Oleic acid triethanolamine: Inezici ezinhle zokuhlanganisa futhi inamandla okuvimbela uwoyela wamaminerali nezitshalo nezilwane.

I-Citric acid: i-asidi enkulu kunazo zonke kuma-asidi e-organic. Njengesengezo, ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yokuwasha, isheshise i-ion yensimbi ngokushesha, ivimbele ukungcola ukuthi iphinde ihlangane nezindwangu, igcine i-alkalinity edingekayo, futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-agent chelating.

Isifinyezo;

(1) I-ejenti yokuchela enamandla kakhulu evame ukusetshenziswa i-EDTA

(2) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ABS kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ne-sodium polyacrylate, engathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-ABS.

(3)I-sodium benzoate iyi-reagent ethandwayo esetshenziswayo evimbela ukugqwala.

2 izithasiselo ezincibilikayo

(1) Utshwala obufana ne-ethanol, i-isopropanol, i-ethylene glycol, ne-propylene glycol buvame ukusetshenziswa njengama-reagents otshwala, ne-ethanol ne-isopropanol enezinto ezinhle zokungena.

(2) I-alcohol ether ethylene glycol ether ne-propylene glycol ether inokuhambisana okuhle nemiphumela yokuhlanza, futhi ingathuthukisa iphuzu lefu.

(3) I-Alcoholamine monoethanolamine: enenani le-pH elingaba ngu-11.5, inezici zokuhlanza, izithasiselo ze-alkaline, nokuthuthukisa indawo yamafu.

I-Diethylamine: enenani le-pH elingaba ngu-11.9, inezici zokuhlanza, izithasiselo ze-alkaline, nokuthuthukisa indawo yamafu.

I-Triethanolamine: I-alcohol amine esetshenziswa kakhulu, enenani le-pH elingaba ngu-10.7, inezici zokuhlanza, izithasiselo ze-alkaline, nokuthuthukisa indawo yamafu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inamandla okuhlanza aqine kakhulu futhi inemiphumela eyonakalisayo ne-chelating

(4)Ama-Ketones

 

Ⅳ.i-ejenti esebenzayo yobuso

1 Isigaba

(1) I-Anionic surfactant sulfonate:

1) ABS (Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate):

Ukuhlukaniswa: Ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: okuqinile (okuqukethe amaketanga anamagatsha) kanye nokuthambile (okuqukethe ukuxhumana okuqondile)

I-Hard ABS inekhono elihle lokuhlanza kodwa i-biodegradability ephansi, kuyilapho i-ABS ethambile inekhono eliphansi lokuhlanza kodwa i-biodegradability enhle.

Ukusetshenziswa: Ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwasendlini, imboni yokucubungula insimbi, esetshenziswa njenge-degreaser, imboni kakhonkolo, esetshenziswa njenge-thickener

Qaphela: I-ABS ayizwani namanzi, i-asidi ne-alkali ukumelana. Uma isetshenziswa njenge-thickener, kufanele ishiswe

2) I-Alkyl sulfonates: ine-biodegradability enhle futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa ekhaya

3) I-Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate (ingxube yamaqembu e-vinyl kanye ne-hydroxyl): inokubola okuhle kwe-biodegradability futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini nasekhishini izicelo.

4) I-acetylsulfonate enamafutha anamafutha (ayivame ukusetshenziswa): Ikhono eliqinile lokulwa namanzi aqinile, ukuzwa kahle kwesandla, kuthambile esikhumbeni

5) I-alcohol yesibili i-polyoxyethylene ether amber sulfonate ngokuvamile ayincishiswa ngamanzi ammonia kanye ne-triethanolamine

6) I-NN-oleoyl sulfonate

7) Amafutha amide sulfonate

8) BX Sodium Butyl Naphthalene Sulfonate (Impushana Edonsayo)

9) I-Petroleum sulfonate: isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emafutheni angagqwali

Usawoti we-phosphate:

1) Okuthatha indawo yotshwala:

Umsebenzi: Inokuhambisana kanye nokuhlakazeka, futhi ingahlukaniswa ne-sodium hydroxide, i-potassium hydroxide, nama-amine

Izici: Imnene esikhumbeni, ukubola kwe-biodegradable, kanye nekhono elihle lokungena.

I-sulfate:

1) I-Fatty alcohol sulfate (AS)

2) Utshwala obunamafutha i-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES): Inhlanganisela ye-AES ne-AEC ngokuvamile ithola imiphumela emihle

3) Utshwala obunamafutha polyoxyethylene sulfate K12 (sodium dodecyl sulfate)

4) I-Acyl glycerol sulfate ester

Usawoti we-Carboxylate:

1) Insipho C17H35COONa inemiphumela yokunqanda ukukhihliza amagwebu

2) I-Sodium Alcohol Ether Carboxylate (AEC): Iphephile futhi inobungani bemvelo, enokonakala okuhle kwe-biodegradability, ingasetshenziswa njenge-compatibilizer kanye ne-dispersant

3) I-sodium lauroyl ammonium usawoti wokusetshenziswa kwe-shampoo yomphakathi

4) I-sodium oleyl amino acid (i-Remy Bang) isetshenziselwa izingubo zikasilika neze-brocade, nokucasuka okuncane kwesikhumba.

5) I-lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether ortho naphthalene dicarboxylic acid monoester usawoti wesodium unokumelana kahle namanzi aqinile, amagwebu aphansi, nokwanda komthamo omuhle.

(2)I-Cationic surfactant

(3) I-surfactant engeyona i-ionic

1) Izici: incibilika kancane emanzini; Kulula ukuhlanza; Kulula ukuxuba (kokubili ama-surfactants e-cationic kanye ne-anionic nonionic angaxutshwa ndawonye, ​​futhi isilinganiso sama-cationic surfactants kuya kuma-anionic surfactants ngokuvamile singu-4-50:1, esingakhuphula ukusebenza kwama-cations)

2) Inani le-HLB linezici ze-hydrophilic ne-oleophilic. Uma inani le-HLB liphakathi kuka-1-3, linokusebenza kokwehlisa amagwebu, lapho liphakathi kuka-13-15, linokusebenza kokuhlanza, futhi lapho liphakathi kuka-11-15, linokusebenza kokumanzisa.

3) Iphoyinti lefu: Uma iphoyinti lefu elisebenzayo liseduze nendawo yefu yento ethile, ikhono layo lokuhlanza linamandla kakhulu.

4) Izinto ezithinta indawo yamafu zihlanganisa ama-electrolyte, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, ama-anion nama-cations, kanye nama-polymers asebenzayo e-amphoteric.

5) Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Polyethylene Glycols:

A: Utshwala obunamafutha e-polyoxyethylene ether

I-Emulsifier: FO, MOA, O-3

I-ejenti yokuhlanza: AEO-9

I-ejenti engenele: JFC

Ukusebenza: Amandla okuhlanza aqinile; Izinga lokushisa eliphansi, igwebu eliphansi; I-biodegradation enhle; I-O-9 inomphumela okhulayo womthamo

B: I-APEO (Alkylbenzene Polyoxyethylene Ether)

Izici: ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali;

Inhlanganisela ye-biodegradability embi: I-TX+AEO+AS (AES) inekhono eliqinile lokuhlanza

Umehluko ezinhlelweni ze-OP, NP, TX:

Ukusebenza kwe-Emulsification: I-Net permeability OP inkulu kune-TX

Ukuhlakazeka: I-TX inkulu kune-OP

Iphoyinti lefu kanye nenani le-HLB: I-OP inkulu kune-TX

Impahla yegwebu: I-OP ingaphansi kuka-TX

Ukuhlanzeka: I-OP incane kune-TX

C: AE (okunamafutha acid polyoxyethylene ester) ukusetshenziswa umphakathi

D: FMEE (i-fatty acid methyl ester polyoxyethylene ether)

E: Izici ze-polyether: ukusebenza kahle kwe-emulsifying; Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlakazeka; Ukusebenza kahle kokugcoba; Ukucindezelwa okuhle kwegwebu nokusebenza kokwehlisa amagwebu

F: I-Polyoxyethylene alkylamine

Ama-Polyols:

A: I-Dehydrated sorbic acid ester

Izici: Ayincibiliki emanzini; Ukuhlakazeka okuhle

B: Izici ze-Sucrose ester: ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, ukubola okuhle kwe-biodegradability, okusetshenziselwa i-tableware nezinsiza zomphakathi

C: APG

D: I-Alkyl alcohol amide (Ninal) ilungele ukuhlanza amafutha ezilwane nemifino, amafutha amaminerali namafutha

Izici: ukukhihliza amagwebu, ukukhihliza amagwebu okuzinzile, ukuqina, umsebenzi wokuvimbela ukugqwala

(4) I-amphoteric surfactant

Ama-surfactants akhethekile:

(1) I-FC ine-high surface tension (70-72) kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile eliba ngu-0.1%. Inamandla okuhlanza aqinile futhi mancane amathuba okuthi inamathele othulini ngemva kokuhlanza. Isetshenziswa ngamanani amancane.

(2) - SI - Izinto ze-silicon carbon zinezakhiwo zokuqeda ugwebu

(3) I-boric acid grease isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukugqwala futhi ayijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanza. Isetshenziswa njengesithambiso futhi inokungcola okuncane kwemvelo

(4) Umsebenzi ongaphezulu wama-polymer

Ikakhulu isetshenziselwa umphumela wokuqina

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-defoamers

(1) Utshwala obuphansi

(2) I-ethylene glycol butyl ether ivame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni se-ether yotshwala ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle kodwa ubuthi.

(3) I-Acid (i-silicic acid)

(4) I-Phospholipids (tributyl ester)

(5) Ama-halogenated hydrocarbon

(6) I-Silane defoamer

(7) I-Carbon-6 kuya ku-carbon-12 nayo inezici zokuqeda amagwebu

3 Izimpawu zama-surfactants

(1) Umphumela we-Emulsification

(2) Umphumela wokuhlakaza

(3) Umphumela wokumanzisa

(4) Ukuqina komphumela

(5)Umphumela wokukhipha amagwebu
Isifinyezo;

1. I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: I-CMC, incibilika kalula emanzini, isithako esihle semvelo

2 . I-TX-10: Inokumanzisa okuhle, i-emulsification, ukuhlakazeka, ukususwa kwamabala, i-anti-static, kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile zokumelana namanzi, futhi ingaxutshwa nama-surfactants ahlukahlukene.

3. Nina;
I-6501 incibilika kalula emanzini, inamandla okungena aqinile namandla okuhlanza, futhi inemiphumela emihle yokuqina nokugqwala.

4 . I-AEO-7: inyibilika emanzini, ngokumanzisa okuhle, i-emulsifying, i-dispersing, kanye nezindawo ezikhipha amagwebu, ukuwohloka okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinciphisa ukushuba kwesimo sezulu.

5. I-Triethanolamine oleate: inezinto ezinhle zokuhlanganisa futhi imelana nezilwane, imifino, kanye namafutha amaminerali

6. I-Polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether (JFC)

7. I-sodium citrate; Ingangena esikhundleni se-sodium tripolyphosphate njengesithako sokuhlanza esingenabuthi futhi sinomthelela omuhle we-chelating ku-calcium ne-magnesium ions.

8. 226SA (Super Non Ionic Surfactant): Ifana namabala kawoyela, inamandla amahle kakhulu okususa amafutha nokuhlanza, futhi ine-emulsification emihle kanye nemiphumela eqinile yokuhlakazeka kumabala kawoyela nezikali ze-wax.

9. 445N: Umphumela onamandla wokuchela, usiza ukulwisana nobulukhuni bamanzi futhi uthuthukise ikhono lokuhlanza leziwashi nezinto zokuhlanza.

10 . I-JFC penetrant: i-surfactant engeyona i-ionic enamaqembu angaguquki e-hydrophilic kanye ne-oleophilic, enciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukushuba kwesimo samanzi futhi inemiphumela yokuhlanganisa nokuwasha.

11. I-Triethanolamine: Ingathuthukisa ukususwa kwamabala kawoyela, ikakhulukazi i-non-polar sebum, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kokuhlanza i-alkaline.

12 . I-ABS: Ukusebenza okuqinile kokumanzisa nokuhlanza. Ikhono elihle lokukhihliza amagwebu

13. I-AEO-9: Isetshenziswa njenge-emulsifier, i-stain remover, kanye nesihlanzi

14. I-AEO-3: Inokumelana kahle namanzi aqinile okuhlanza amabala kawoyela asindayo, futhi isebenza kangcono uma ihlanganiswa ne-ethanol, i-DBP, i-DBE, ne-JFC.

15. I-sodium silicate: Ngemva kokuncibilika emanzini, yenza ingilazi yamanzi futhi iyisihlanzi esisebenza kahle.

16. QYL-290: Susa amadiphozithi ekhabhoni. Ama-ejenti asebenzayo angaphezulu adizayinelwe ukungcola kanye ne-carbon black

17. I-CP-5: Ukuvimbela isikali nokusebenza kokuhlakazeka, ukuvimbela ukubekwa okuqinile, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kokuqeda ukungcola

18 . I-T-C6: Ukumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu, ukuncibilika okuvelele kanye nekhono lokususa amabala

19. I-AEO-4: Inezakhiwo ezinhle zokuhlanganisa nokuhlakaza amafutha amaminerali kanye namafutha ezilwane.

20. D-Ningxi: Khipha ingcina nokugqwala. Inokusebenza kokuwasha 21 trisodium phosphate: okokuthambisa, okokuhlanza, i-metal rust inhibitor, i-boiler descaling kanye ne-ejenti yokususa amafutha, i-ejenti yokukhipha