Le ndatshana igxile kwindlela yokulwa nama-antimicrobic surficactants, okulindeleke ukuthi isebenze ekubulaleni amagciwane futhi inganikeza usizo oluthile ekwehliseni ukusakazeka kwama-coronaviruse amasha.
I-SurFantant, okuwukuwohloka kwemishwana yemishwana, esebenzayo ne-ejenti. Ama-surfactants ayizinto ezikhuthele ezindaweni ezikhona nasezindaweni eziningi zokuhlangana futhi anekhono eliphakeme kakhulu nokunciphisa amandla empesheni (umngcele), akha imihlangano emibi kakhulu ngenhlanganisela ethile futhi ngaleyo ndlela enemisebenzi yohlelo lokusebenza. Ama-Surfactants anokungafani kahle, amandla, nekhono le-emulsation, kanye nezakhiwo ezingama-antistatic, futhi zibe yizinto ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwezinkambu eziningi, futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ngokuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye nenqubekela phambili eqhubekayo yezimboni zezimboni zomhlaba, ukusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants kusatshalaliswe kancane kancane kumakhemikhali asetshenziswa nsuku zonke emikhakheni yezomnotho kazwelonke, njengama-antibacterial ama-ejenti, ukwelashwa okungcolisa kanye nama-bioparmaceuticals.
Ama-surfactants ajwayelekile angama- "Amphiphilic" aqukethe amaqembu e-polar hydrophilic namaqembu angewona ama-hydrophobic, futhi izinhlaka zazo ze-molecular zikhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 1 (a).
Njengamanje, ngokuthuthukiswa kokucwengisiswa embonini yezokukhiqiza, isidingo sezakhiwo ezisetshenziswayo kwinqubo yokukhiqiza siyakhula kancane kancane, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola nokuthola ama-surfactants ngezakhiwo eziphakeme. Ukutholwa kwe-Gemini Surfactants Browsts la ma-galps futhi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni. I-Sumini Surgactant ejwayelekile yindawo enamaqembu amabili e-hydrophilic (ngokuvamile i-ionic noma i-nonioc ene-hydrophilic yezakhiwo) namaketanga amabili we-hydrophobic alkyl.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 1 (b), ngokungafani ne-Confactive Cleach Surfactants, i-Gemini Surfactants ixhumanisa amaqembu amabili e-hydrophilic ndawonye ngeqembu elixhumanisayo (i-Spacer). Ngamafuphi, ukwakheka kwe-gemini surgefantant kungaqondakala njengoba kwakhiwa ngobuhlakani obuhlanganisa amaqembu amabili aphethwe yi-hydrophilic ajwayelekile kanye neqembu lokuxhumana.
Ukwakheka okukhethekile kwe-Gemini Surfactant kuholela emsebenzini wayo ophakeme wendawo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa:
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I-Gemini Surfactants inomsebenzi ophakeme (umngcele), ukugxila okuphansi kwe-micelle, ukuncipha okungcono, amandla e-emulsactivity kanye nekhono lokulwa namagciwane ngokuqhathaniswa nokungasebenzi okuvamile. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimali ze-Gemini aqinisile ngokuthuthuka nokusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants.
"Isakhiwo se-Amphiphilic" sabantu abajwayelekile sibanikeza izakhiwo ezingaphezulu komhlaba. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 1 (C), lapho kufakwa i-surfitant evamile emanzini, iqembu lekhanda le-hydrophilic livame ukuncibilika ngaphakathi kwesisombululo esinamanzi, futhi iqembu le-hydrophobic livimbela ukuchithwa kwe-molecule eqinile emanzini. Ngaphansi komphumela ohlanganisiwe walezi zindlela ezimbili, ama-molecule aqinile acebiswe esibonakalayo segesi esishisayo futhi ahlele ngokuhleleka, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukungezwani kwamanzi. Ngokungafani nama-surfactants ajwayelekile, ama-gemini surffactants athi "ama-dimers" axhumanisa ama-surfic ajwayelekile ndawonye ngamaqembu e-spacer, anganciphisa ukungezwani kwamanzi nge-oyela / umthamo wokungezwani kwamanzi ngempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-gemini ama-surficactants anokugxila okuphansi okubucayi kwe-micelle, i-solubity yamanzi engcono, i-emulsation, amagwebu, amanzi ne-antibacterial Properties.
| Isingeniso Se-Gemini Surfactants Ngo-1991, uMenger noLittave [13] balungisa i-BITT-ALKYL CAURTCATANI YOKUQALA I-BISS-ALKYL I-Surfactant eneqembu lokuxhumana eliqinile, futhi laliqamba ngokuthi "I-Gemini Surfatant". Ngawo lowo nyaka, uZana et al [14] Ulungiselele uchungechunge lwe-Ammonium Salt Gerlium Salt Gemini Okokuqala futhi uphenye ngokuhlelekile izakhiwo ze-Ammonium Salt Gemini Surficactants. Ngo-1996, abaphenyi bakhuthazekile futhi baxoxa ngokuziphatha (umngcele) ngokuziphatha, izindlu ezihlanganisiwe, i-bheology yesisombululo kanye nesigaba sokuziphatha kweziqu ze-Gemini eziguqukayo lapho zihlanganiswa nezimali ezijwayelekile. Ngo-2002, uZana [15] uphenye umphumela wamaqembu ahlukene wokuxhumana ngokusebenza okuhlangene kweziqu ze-Gemini kwisixazululo samanzi, umsebenzi othuthuke kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwama-surficacters futhi wawubaluleke kakhulu. Kamuva, u-Qiu et al [16] wasungula indlela entsha yokuhlanganiswa kwe-Gemini Surfactants equkethe izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezisuselwa ku-CESTL Bromide kanye ne-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxymels-1,2,4-triazole, okuthi futhi kwacebisa futhi indlela ye-Gemini Surfactant Synthesis. |
Ukucwaninga ngezimali ze-Gemini eChina kwaqala sekwephuzile; Ngo-1999, uJianxi Zhao waseFuzhou University wenza ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kocwaningo lwangaphandle ezifundweni zamazwe aseGemini futhi kwaheha ukunakwa kwezikhungo eziningi zokucwaninga eChina. Emva kwalokho, ucwaningo ngezimali ezisetshenziswayo zaseGemini eChina lwaqala ukuchuma futhi lwathola imiphumela yezithelo. Eminyakeni yamuva, abacwaningi bazinikele ekuthuthukiseni ama-gemini angcosana kanye nokutadisha kwezindawo zabo ezihlobene ne-physicochemical. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ze-Gemini Surfactants kuthuthukiswe kancane kancane emikhakheni yokubulawa inzalo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla, ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ukukhishwa kwe-desoam kanye nokukhishwa kwe-foam kanye nokuhlanza okuncane kwezimboni. Kususelwa ekutheni amaqembu e-hydrophilic kuma-molekyuli ase-surdrophilic akhokhiswa noma cha kanye nohlobo lokushaja abaphethe, ama-gemini ama-surfactants angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo: ama-cotionic, anionic, ambioteric geminic kanye ne-amphoteric Gemini Phakathi kwazo, ukuguquguquka kwe-cationic Gemini ngokuvamile kubhekisa kuma-ammonium noma ama-ammonium usawoti ngokweqile, ama-anionic Gemini Surgactants abhekisa kakhulu ku-gemini amaqembu anama-gedfonic acid, foni kanye ne-carboxylic acid, ngenkathi ama-surfighylic e-geminic, ngenkathi ama-surfighylicyliylenenentsylinesy kakhulu Gemini.
1.1 I-CAMIC GEMIC GEFFACACTRAntAnts
Ama-Sutionic Gemini Surfactants angahlukanisa ama-marvation ezixazululweni zamanzi, ikakhulukazi i-ammonium kanye nama-quaternary ammonium usawoti gemini surficactants. I-Cationic Gemini Surfactants ine-biodegradatics enhle, ikhono eliqinile lokuqothula, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile, ukwakheka okulula, ukwahlukanisa okulula, futhi kube ne-bactericidal Properties, anticorrosion, izakhiwo ze-antistatic kanye nokuthamba.
I-Quaternary Ammonium esekelwe kusawoti i-Gemini Surfactants ngokuvamile ilungiselelwe kusuka kuma-Amines aphezulu ngokusabela kwe-alkylation. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenziwa eziphambili ezilandelayo: eyodwa ukuthuthukisa ama-alkanes abuyiselwe esikhundleni se-dibromo kanye ne-alkyl dimethyl ephakeme; Okunye ukuthuthukisa ama-alkanes akhuphuke amade we-1-bromo ne-n, n, n ', N'-tetramethyl alkyl diamen nge-anhydrous ethanol njenge-solvent kanye nokushisa reflux. Kodwa-ke, ama-alkanes afakwa esikhundleni se-dibromo abiza kakhulu futhi ajwayele ukuhlanganiswa ngendlela yesibili, futhi ukulingana okusabela kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 2.
1.2 Anionic Gemini Surfactants
I-Anionic Gemini Surfactants ingahlukanisa ama-anions kusisombululo esinamanzi, ikakhulukazi ama-sulfonate, usawoti we-sulfate, ama-carbox purby kanye nosawoti we-phosphate uhlobo lwe-Gemini. I-anionic surfactants inezakhiwo ezingcono njengokuqothula, amagwebu, ukuhlakazeka, ukuhlakazeka, ukumelana nokumanzi, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-detergents, ama-emulsing anchents, ama-emulsifiers kanye nama-emulsing.
1.2.1 Sulfonates
Ama-biosurfactants asuselwa esikhundleni se-sulfonate anezinzuzo ze-solubity yamanzi amahle, ukushesha okuhle, izinga lokushisa likasawoti, ama-emulsitist asetshenziswayo, futhi asetshenziswa amakhemikhali, kanye namakhekhe asetshenziswayo nsuku zonke ngenxa yemithombo yawo ebanzi yezinto zokwakha, izinqubo ezilula zokukhiqiza, nezindleko eziphansi. I-LI et al in synthessese uchungechunge lwe-New Dialkyl Disculfonic aciffonici acid Gemini Surfactants (2cn-SCT), i-trichlorate aurfonic suryonic suryonic, usebenzisa i-Trichloramine, i-Aliphatic Amine neTaurine njengezinto ezivuthiwe ekuphenduleni kwezinyathelo ezintathu.
1.2.2 usawoti we-sulfate
I-Sulfate Ester usawoti ophindwe kabili Futhi inokusebenza okuhle kokuwasha kanye nekhono lokuhlanza, ukusebenza okuzinzile emanzini anzima, nosawoti we-sulfate ester akuthathi hlangothi noma kancane i-alkaline kwikhambi elinamanzi. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 3, iLanga dong et yasebenzisa i-lauric acid kanye ne-polyethylene glycol njengezinto zokwakha eziphambili futhi zengeze izibopho ze-sulfate Ester ngokungena esikhundleni sohlobo lwe-sulfate Ester Type Baryonic Surfactant-GA12-S-12.
1.2.3 Usawoti we-carboxylic acid
I-Carboxylate-based Gemini Supfactants ivame ukuba mnene, iluhlaza, iluhlaza okotshani futhi inomthombo ocebile wezinto zokwenziwa kwemvelo, ukumelana namanzi aphezulu kanye nokuphikiswa okunamandla, kusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni, izindwangu, amakhemikhali amahle kanye nezinye izinkambu. Ukwethulwa kwamaqembu amide kuma-biosurfactants asuselwa ku-carboxylate kungathuthukisa ubuhlakani be-molecule eqinile futhi kubenze baphinde babe nokumanzi okuhle, ama-emulsication, ukusakazeka kanye nezakhiwo zokuqothula. I-Mei et al in synthessived arpembilid esuselwe ama-barsonic suryonic suryonic-2 aqukethe amaqembu asetshenziswayo asebenzisa i-dodacleanaline, dibromoneeathane kanye ne-suchlic anhydride njengezinto zokwakha.
1.2.4 usawoti we-phosphate
Uhlobo lwe-phosphate ester kasawoti uhlobo lwe-Gemini luhlu lwesakhiwo esifanayo kuma-phospholipids wemvelo futhi uthambekele ekwakhekeni kwezakhiwo ezinjengeMicelles eguqukayo nama-vesicles. Uhlobo lwe-phosphate ester kasawoti hlobo lwe-gemini lusetshenziswe kabanzi njengama-antistatic agents kanye nokuhlanza izingubo zokuhlanza, ngenkathi ukucasuka kwabo okuphezulu nokucasuka okuphansi kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kwawo kwesikhumba sakho. Ama-phosphate athile angaba yi-anticancer, ama-antitumor nama-antibacterior, futhi athuthukisiwe nezidakamizwa. Uhlobo lwe-phosphate ester kasawoti uhlobo lwe-biosurfactants lunezindawo eziphakeme zokubulala izinambuzane futhi lungasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela njenge-antibacterial kanye nama-insecticides kodwa futhi njengomuthi. UZheng et al wafunda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-phosphate ester usawoti gemini ama-surfish avela kuma-P3O5 nama-ortho-quat diols, anomphumela ongcono we-oligomeric, onobuhlakani obuhle bokumanzisa, kanye nenqubo elula yokuhlanganisa, nenqubo elula yokuqamba ama-antistatic. Ifomula ye-molecular ye-potassium phosphate usawoti i-baryfactant ekhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 4.
1.3 Ama-Surfactants angewona ama-geminic gemini
Ama-surfactants we-nonion Gemini awakwazi ukuhlukaniswa kwikhambi lamanzi futhi likhona kwifomu lama-molecular. Lolu hlobo lwe-baryonic survic selifundwe oluncane kuze kube manje, futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbili, enye ingushukela osuselwa komunye notshwala kanye notshwala. Ama-surfigh ama-geminic gemini akhona esimweni se-ionic ngesixazululo, ngakho-ke anokuqina okuphezulu, awathinteki kalula ngama-electrolyte aqinile, anobunzima obuhle nezinye izinhlobo zezimali, futhi ube ne-solubity enhle. Ngakho-ke, ama-surfactants ase-nonion anezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezinjengokuhlanza okuhle, ukuhlakazwa, amagwebu, amagwebu, ukuqina, impahla antistatic, futhi angasetshenziswa kabanzi ezicini zokubulala izinambuzane kanye nezimbobo. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 5, ngo-2004, i-Fitzgerald et al synthethised polloxyethylenenenenenenenenenenenenenenenened Gemini Surfactants (i-Cn-2h2n-3chcch2o (CH2CH2CHNO (CH2) 6 (noma i-Gemmem).
02 Izici ze-Physicochemical of Gemini Surfactants
2.1 Umsebenzi we-Gemini Surfactants
Indlela elula futhi eqondile yokuhlola umsebenzi ongaphezulu we-surffactants ukukala ukungezwani kwezixazululo zabo ezinamanzi. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-surfactants anciphisa ukungezwani kwesisombululo sokulungiswa okuqondiswe kulungiselelo lomngcele (Umdwebo 1 (c)). I-Micelle Conchersontration Ebucayi (CMC) ye-Gemini Surfactants ingaphezu kwama-oda amabili wobukhulu obuncane kanye nenani le-C20 liphansi kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nokuqhathaniswa okujwayelekile kwezakhiwo ezifanayo. I-molecule ye-baryonic surmicAntant inamaqembu amabili e-hydrophilic asiza ukuthi alondoloze i-solubity yamanzi enhle ngenkathi amaketanga amade we-hydrophobic amade. Esibonelweni samanzi / somoya, ama-surfactice ajwayelekile ahlelwe ngokukhululekile ngenxa yendawo yokumelana nesiza sendawo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamacala amakhulu kuma-molekyuli, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise amandla awo okunciphisa ukungezwani kwamanzi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amaqembu axhumanisa ama-surfightivents e-Gemini ahlanganiswe ngokusobala ukuze ibanga phakathi kwamaqembu amabili e-hydrophilic ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elincane (lincane kakhulu kunebanga lezisebenzi ezijwayelekile), okuholela emsebenzini ongcono wezimali ze-Gemini ebusweni (umngcele).
2.2 Ukwakheka komhlangano we-Gemini Surfactants
Ezixazululweni zamanzi, njengoba ukugcwaliseka kwe-baryonic survicAntant kukhuphuka, ama-molecule awo agcwala ubuso besixazululo, okuthi lapho kuphoqa amanye ama-molecule ukuba afudukele engaphakathi kwikhambi lefomu. Ukuhlushwa lapho i-surffantant iqala ukwakha amaMicelles ibizwa ngokuthi ukugxilisa ingqondo okubalulekile (CMC). Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 9, ngemuva kokuhlushwa kukhulu kune-CMC, ngokungafani nama-surfietal ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa ama-Micelles ayindilinga, izinhlaka ze-gemini zikhiqiza izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ze-micelle morphologies, ezinjengezimpawu zazo ezihlelekile. Umehluko kusayizi we-micelle, ukwakheka kanye ne-hydration ube nomthelela oqondile ekuziphatheni kwesigaba kanye nezinto ezinothando lwekhambi, futhi kuholele ekushintsheni kwesixazululo se-viscoelity. Ama-surfactants ajwayelekile, njenge-anionic surficractics (SDS), imvamisa akha ama-micelles ayindilinga, angenawo umphumela wokuvuleka kwesixazululo. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka okukhethekile kwezisebenzi ze-Gemini ziholela ekwakhekeni kweMicelle Morphology enobunzima futhi izakhiwo zezisombululo zawo ezinamanzi ahlukile kakhulu kulabo abasebenza ngokujwayelekile. I-viscosity yezisombululo zamanzi ezinamanzi zokuphazamiseka kwe-gemini yandisa ngokuhlushwa kwama-gemini ama-surfice, mhlawumbe ngoba ama-micelles aqondile aqondile ahlangana esakhiweni esinjengewebhu. Kodwa-ke, i-viscosity yekhambi iyancipha ngokunyuka kokuhlushwa okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo sewebhu kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinye izakhiwo ze-micelle.
Izakhiwo ze-antimicrobial zokuphazamiseka kwe-gemini
Njengohlobo lwe-ejenti ye-organic antimicrobial, indlela yokulwa ne-antimicrobial ye-baryonic surmactant ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa no-anions esitokisini se-microorgane yama-microorgan noma ama-membranes ama-sulfhydryl ukuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni abo kanye nama-membranes weseli, kubhubhisa ama-microorganisms ukuze uvimbele noma ukubulala ama-microorganisms.
3.1 Izakhiwo ze-antimicrobial ze-anionic Gemini Surfactants
Izici ze-antimicrobial ze-antimicrobial anionic sursuctaial zinqunywa ikakhulukazi ngohlobo lwezinkomo zokulwa nama-antimicrobial abaziphethe. Ezixazululweni ze-colloidal ezinjenge-latexes yemvelo kanye nezimbobo, amaketanga we-hydrophilic abopha ama-hydrophic ancibilikisiwe, futhi amaketanga we-hydrophobic azobopha ukuhlukaniswa kwe-hydrophobic ngokuqondisa i-adpositnption, ngaleyo ndlela aguqule isibonisi sesigaba ezimbili sibe yifilimu eliminyene le-molecular interfacial. Amaqembu amagciwane avinjelwe kulolu harler oluminyene avimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane.
Indlela yokuvinjwa kwamagciwane ama-anionic surfactants ahluke ngokuyisisekelo kwaleyo yezimali zangasese. Ukuvinjwa kwamagciwane kwama-anionic surfactants kuhlobene nohlelo lwazo lokupheka kanye namaqembu okuvinjwa, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwe-survivitor lungakhawulelwa. Lolu hlobo lwe-surfactant kumele lube khona emazingeni anele ukuze i-surving ikhona kuyo yonke ekhoneni lohlelo ukukhiqiza umphumela omuhle we-microbicidal. Ngasikhathi sinye, lolu hlobo lwe-surfactant luntula ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kanye nokuqondisa, okungagcini nje ngokudala imfucuza engadingekile, kodwa futhi kwakha ukumelana nesikhathi eside.
Njengesibonelo, kusetshenziswe i-biosurfactants esekelwe e-ALKYL Sulfonate ekwenziweni kwemithi. I-ALKYL Sulfonates, enjenge-busulfan kanye ne-treosulfan, ikakhulukazi iphathe izifo ezihamba phambili, ukukhiqiza ukuxhumeka okujwayelekile phakathi kwe-guanine kanye nokubeletha, ngenkathi lokhu kuguqulwa kungalungiswa ngokufundwa kwamaselula, okuholela ekufeni kweseli ye-apoptotic.
3.2 Izakhiwo ze-antimicrobial ze-cationic Gemini Surfactants
Uhlobo oluphambili lwe-cationic Gemini Surfactants athuthukisiwe yi-quaternary armonium usawoti hlobo Gemini Surfactants. Uhlobo lwe-quaternary ammonium uhlobo lwe-cationic Gemini Effect inomphumela we-bactericidal oqinile ngoba kunamaketanga amabili ama-alkane ama-ankumium ama-armonium wohlobo lwe-baryophic adchorption, kanye namaketanga we-hydrophobic akha i-hydrophobic adsorption ngodonga lweseli (i-peptidoglycan); Ngasikhathi sinye, aqukethe ama-nitrogen ion amabili azothuthukisa ama-adsolption ama-molecule asetshenziswayo ebusweni bamagciwane abhekene ne-membrane we-membrane, okuholele ekukhiqizeni kwe-bacterium, ngaphezu kwalokho Kumaqembu e-hydrophilic ajule ku-protein, okuholela ekulahlekelweni ngumsebenzi we-enzyme kanye ne-protein denaturation, ngenxa yomphumela ohlanganisiwe wale miphumela emibili, okwenza i-fungicide inomphumela we-bactericidal oqinile.
Kodwa-ke, kusukela ekubukeni kwezemvelo, lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zinomsebenzi we-hemolytic kanye ne-cytotoxity, nesikhathi esizoxhumana isikhathi eside nezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kanye ne-biodergradation kungakhulisa ubuthi babo.
3.3 Izakhiwo ze-antibacterial zezimali ezisetshenziswayo ze-nonion Gemini
Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezisebenzi ezisetshenziswayo ze-nonion Gemini, eyodwa etholakala ushukela kanti enye ingutshwala ne-phenol ether.
Indlela ye-antibacterial ye-biosurfactants enoshukela esuselwa ekubumbaneni kwama-molekyuli, kanye nama-surfactants asuselwa eshukela angabopha ulwelwesi lwamaselula, aqukethe inani elikhulu le-phospholipids. Lapho ukugcwala kwama-surfivatives asurfactives afinyelela ezingeni elithile, kushintsha ukuvumela kwe-membrane yeseli, kwakha iziteshi ze-pores kanye nama-ion, okuthinta ukuphuma kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nogesi, okwenza ukuphuma kwezomsoco futhi ekugcineni kube nokuholela ekufeni kwegciwane.
Indlela ye-antibacterial of phenolic kanye ne-tage antimicrobial antimicrobial agents ukwenza odongeni lweseli noma ulwelwesi lwamaseli nama-enzyme, ivimba imisebenzi ye-metabolic kanye nokuphazamisa imisebenzi yokuvuselela kabusha. Isibonelo, izidakamizwa eziphilayo ze-diphenyl kanye nezinto zazo zokutholwa (ama-phenols) zigxila kumaseli wegciwane noma ngegciwane kanye nolwelwesi lwamaseli, ukuvimba ukusebenza kwama-bacterio. Iphinde ikhubaze imisebenzi ye-metabolic ne-repiratory yama-enzyme ngaphakathi kwamagciwane, ahluleka.
3.4 Izakhiwo ze-antibacterial ze-Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants
I-Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants iyisigaba se-surfactants esinezinhlaka zombili kanye no-anions esakhiweni sazo samangqamuzana, singakwazi ukukhombisa izixazululo zamanzi, futhi zibonise izakhiwo ze-anionic surffactants ngesimo esisodwa esiphakathi nasesimweni esiphakathi. Indlela yokuvinjwa kwamagciwane kwama-amphoteric surfactants akwehlisiwe, kepha ngokuvamile kuzwakala ukuthi ukuvinjwa kungahle kufane ne-quaternary amonmonium surmactants, lapho i-surviving i-adsorbed ebusweni bamagciwane abhekene ne-bacterial.
3.4.1 Izakhiwo ze-antimicrobial ze-amino acid Gemini Surfactants
I-Amino acid Uhlobo lwe-baryonic suryonic i-aationic amphoteric baryonic suryonic suryonic suryonic ehlanganiswe ama-amino acid amabili, ngakho-ke indlela yayo yokulwa nama-antimicrobial ifana kakhulu naleyo ye-amonium usawoti hlobo suryonic survic survic survic survic survin. Ingxenye ekhokhiswayo ye-surfitive yakhangwa yingxenye ekhokhiswayo ye-bacterial noma yegciwane ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwamagciwane, futhi ngemuva kwalokho amaketanga we-hydrophobic abopha i-lipid bilayer, okuholela ekutheni i-effax yokuqukethwe kwe-lipid kanye lysis kuze kube sekufeni. Inezinzuzo ezinkulu ngaphezulu kwama-quaternary anminium-based Gemini Surffactants: I-biodegrade elula, umsebenzi ophansi we-hemolytic, kanye nobuthi obuphansi, ngakho-ke kuthuthukiswa ukuze kufakwe isicelo futhi inkambu yayo yohlelo lokusebenza iyandiswa.
3.4.2 Izakhiwo ze-antibacterial zohlobo lwe-non-acino acid gemini
Uhlobo lwe-non-amino acid hlobo lwe-amphoteric Gemini SurFactants anensalela esebenzayo yama-molecular aqukethe izikhungo ezingezinhle ezingezinhle ezingezinhle. Uhlobo oluphambili lwe-non-amino acid gerficactants ngu-BAMINE, iMidaZoline, no-Amine Oxide. Ukuthatha uhlobo lwe-betaine njengesibonelo, i-betaine-hlobo ama-amphoteric surphoteric surphectants anamaqembu angu-anionic kanye nama-cationic kuma-molecule abo, athinteka kalula kwizixazululo ze-inorganic kanye ne-antimic Gemini Surfactants e-Alkaline izixazululo. Futhi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuhlanganisiwe nezinye izinhlobo ze-surfactants.
04 Isiphetho Nokubuka
I-Gemini Surfactants iya ngokuya isetshenziswa empilweni ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esikhethekile, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yokufaka inzalo, ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ukukhishwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokuhlanza kancane kwezilwane. Ngesidingo esandayo sokuvikelwa kwemvelo eluhlaza, ama-gemini ama-surficactants athuthukiswa kancane kancane abe ama-surffactants anobungane nezemvelo. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo ku-Gemini Surfactants kungenziwa kulezi zinto ezilandelayo: Ukuthuthukisa ama-gemini ama-gemini ama-sursuractants anezinhlaka ezikhethekile nemisebenzi, ikakhulukazi ukuqinisa ucwaningo nge-antibacterial ne-antiviral; ukuhlanganisa ngezimali ezijwayelekile noma izengezo ukwakha imikhiqizo ngokusebenza okungcono; Futhi ukusebenzisa izinto ezingabizi futhi ezitholakala kalula ezitholakalayo ukuhlanganisa ama-gemini emvelo anobungane bemvelo.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Mar-25-2022