Imikhiqizo yethu eyinhloko: i-amino silicone, i-block silicone, i-silicone ye-hydrophilic, yonke i-silicone emulsion yayo, isithuthukisi sokuxubha ukumanzisa, isixosha amanzi (i-Fluorine free, i-Carbon 6, i-Carbon 8), amakhemikhali okugeza ama-demin (ABS, i-Enzyme, isivikeli se-Spandex, isikhiphi se-Manganese) , Amazwe angaphandle angaphandle: India, Pakistanrk, Bangladesh, Türkiyestan, Türkiyestan

 

Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, uthuli nokungcola okufana nama-polymers, u-coking, uwoyela nothuli, isikali, i-sediment, kanye nemikhiqizo ebolayo kungenzeka emishinini nasemapayipini. Lokhu kuthinta kabi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanza okokusebenza kwamakhemikhali.

Ukuhlanza impahla yamakhemikhali kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili: ukuhlanza ku-inthanethi nokuhlanza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.

 

Ukuhlanza ku-inthanethi

Sebenzisa umbhoshongo wokupholisa ohlelweni lwamanzi ajikelezayo njengebhokisi lomthamo ukwengeza amakhemikhali ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwemvelo.

Izinzuzo: Imishini ayidingi ukuvalwa futhi ayithinti ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa okuvamile.

Ububi: Umphumela wokuhlanza awumuhle kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nokuhlanza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Isikhathi eside sokuhlanza kanye nobungozi obukhulu bokugqwala emishinini.

 

Ukugeza okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi

Isho inqubo yokuqaqa izingxenye ezizohlanzwa emishinini noma emigqeni bese ziyiswa kwenye indawo (okuhlobene nendawo yokuqala yezingxenye) ukuze zihlanzwe.

Ukuhlanza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kungahlukaniswa ngokuhlanza ngokomzimba nokuhlanza amakhemikhali.

Ukuhlanza umzimba: Sebenzisa amanzi ahambayo anomfutho ophezulu ukuhlanza izinto zokusebenza. Kudingeka imishini yokuhlanza enomfutho ophezulu.

Ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali: Khipha isishintshi sokushisa ngokuhlukana bese uxhuma amapayipi amanzi angenayo nephumayo amanzi azungezayo emotweni yokuhlanza ukuze ajikeleze. Ukuhlanza ngamakhemikhali kunezici ezilandelayo:

Izinzuzo: Ukunciphisa umthamo wemithi kanye nomphumela omuhle wokuhlanza.

Ukungalungi: Imishini ehambisanayo iyadingeka, njengokuhlanza izimoto noma amathangi amanzi, amaphampu aphezulu, imininingwane ehlukahlukene yokuxhuma ama-valve, imishini yokushisela, njll.

 

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlanza amakhemikhali: ukugeza i-asidi nokugeza nge-alkali.

Ukugeza nge-alkali: okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukususa izinto eziphilayo, ama-microorganisms, amabala kawoyela nokunye okunamathiselwe ngaphakathi kwemishini, njengama-rust inhibitors asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwemishini. Ukugeza nge-alkali nakho kungadlala indima ekuxegiseni, ekuxegiseni, ekufakeni emulsifying, nasekuhlakazeni usawoti wezinto ezingaphili. Ama-ejenti okuhlanza ajwayelekile afaka i-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium carbonate, i-trisodium phosphate, njll.

Ukugeza i-asidi: ikakhulukazi ukususa ukufakwa kukasawoti wezinto ezingaphili, njengamakhabhonithi, ama-sulfate, isikali se-silica, njll. Izinto ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza zihlanganisa ama-asidi ephilayo njenge-hydrochloric acid, i-sulfuric acid, ne-hydrofluoric acid. Ama-organic acid afana ne-citric acid ne-amino sulfonic acid.

 

Kungani kuhlanzekile imishini yamakhemikhali?
1.Isidingo sokuhlanza ngaphambi kokushayela

Ukuhlanza amakhemikhali ngaphambi kokushayela kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokugwema umthelela wokungcola ekukhiqizeni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba umshini omusha wamakhemikhali uqalise ukusebenza, kufanele uhlanzwe ngaphambi kokuba uqale.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali ibandakanya izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali amaningi futhi idinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-catalysts. Izidingo zokuhlanzeka zezinto ezithile zokusetshenziswa kanye nama-catalyst ziphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunezidingo eziphakeme zokuhlanzeka kwemishini namapayipi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Noma yikuphi ukungcola kungabangela ubuthi be-catalyst, ukusabela ohlangothini, futhi kulimaze yonke inqubo. Ukwengeza, izinto ezithile nezisekeli ocingweni zinezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu noma zizwela kakhulu emiphumeleni elimazayo yokungcola. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukungenelela kokungcola kwemishini kungenzeka kakhulu konakalise ikhwalithi yezingxenye ezinembayo futhi kuthinte ukukhiqizwa okuvamile.

2. Isidingo sokuhlanza ngemva kokuqala umsebenzi

Imishini yamakhemikhali, uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ingakhiqiza uthuli olunjengama-polymers, ukupheka, uwoyela nokungcola, isikali samanzi, inzika, nemikhiqizo ebolayo, ethinta kabi ukusebenza kwemishini yamakhemikhali. Ukuhlanzwa ngesikhathi kwemishini yamakhemikhali kunganweba impilo yayo yesevisi, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kuqinisekise ukuphepha, futhi kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho.

Ngakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngaphambi kokushayela noma ngemva kokuyisebenzisa isikhathi esithile, izinto zokusebenza kufanele zihlanzwe, okuwumsebenzi obalulekile wokulungisa nsuku zonke.

 

Yiziphi izinqubo zokuhlanza impahla yamakhemikhali?

Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlanza imishini

Ngaphambi kokuhlanza, izakhi ezikumshini noma ocingweni ezingathonywa ukugqwala kanye nokulimala okuvela kwisixazululo sokuhlanza, njengamavalvu okulawula kanye namamitha okugeleza, kufanele zikhishwe, futhi umgogodla wokuhlunga (inenetha) kanye nomongo we-valve yendlela eyodwa kufanele kukhishwe. Futhi izinyathelo ezinjengokwengeza amapayipi amafushane esikhashana, ama-bypass, noma izingcwecwe eziyimpumputhe kufanele zithathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukuvuza noma ukulimala kwezinye izingxenye phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanza, nokuhlukanisa izinto ezihlanzwayo nezinto ezingcolile namapayipi.

 

Izinqubo zokuhlanza kanye nezimo zenqubo

1. Indlela yokuhlanza

Ngokwesimo esithile semishini, ukuhlanza umjikelezo wokucwilisa noma ukuhlanza isifutho kungasetshenziswa.

Uma usebenzisa ukuhlanza umjikelezo wokucwiliswa, indawo ephansi yokungena phezulu, inqubo yomjikelezo wokubuya kwe-ammonia ingamukelwa.

Lapho usebenzisa ukuhlanza isifutho, inqubo yokufaka uketshezi olusezingeni eliphezulu kanye ne-low point reflux ingatholwa.

2.Inqubo yokuhlanza kanye nezinga lokuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ukutholwa kokuvuza kwamanzi esistimu (ukuguquguquka kwamanzi), ukuwohloka, ukugezwa kwamanzi, ukugeza i-asidi, ukuhlanza, ukungathathi hlangothi, ukudlulisa, ukuhlola, nokuphathwa ngesandla.

Okulandelayo kunikeza izincazelo zenqubo ngayinye.

Inhloso yokutholwa kokuvuza komfutho wamanzi (ukugungiswa kwamanzi) ukuhlola isimo sokuvuza kwezinhlelo zesikhashana, kanye nokususa uthuli, inzika, ama-oxide ensimbi avalelwe, i-welding slag, nokunye ukungcola okuxekethile nokukhipheka kalula ohlelweni.

Inhloso yokuhlanza i-degreasing ukususa amabala kawoyela afana nowoyela wemishini, igrisi ye-graphite, i-oyela enamafutha, namafutha okugqwala ohlelweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngisho nokugeza i-asidi.

Inhloso yokugeza amanzi ngemva kokugcoba ukukhipha ama-ejenti okuhlanza ama-alkaline asele ohlelweni futhi asuse ukungcola okuthile phezulu. Susa into.

Inhloso yokugeza i-asidi ukususa izinto ezincibilikayo ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-asidi nama-oxide ensimbi.

Inhloso yokugeza ngamanzi ngemva kokugeza i-asidi iwukuba kususwe insalela yokuwasha i-asidi kanye nezinhlayiya eziqinile eziwile ohlelweni ukuze zihlanjululwe kanye nokwelashwa kwe-passivation.

Inhloso yokugeza iwukusebenzisa i-ammonium citrate ukuze i-chelate nama-ion ensimbi ayinsalela ohlelweni futhi isuse ukugqwala okuntantayo okwakhiwa phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanzwa kwamanzi, kunciphisa inani lokugxiliswa kwe-iyoni ye-iron ohlelweni nokuqinisekisa umphumela wokudlula.

Inhloso yokwenza i-neutralization kanye nenqubo yokudlula iwukukhipha isisombululo se-asidi esalayo, kuyilapho ukudlula kuwukuvimbela indawo yensimbi esesimweni sokusebenza ngemva kokugezwa kwe-asidi ekubeni iphinde i-oxidizing futhi ikhiqize ukugqwala okuntantayo kwesibili.

 

Ukuhlanza ngemuva kokuqala umsebenzi

Izinto zamakhemikhali ezisebenze iminyaka engu-1-2 noma ngaphezulu zivame ukunamathela esikalini se-iron oxide noma isikali esiqukethe insimbi. Isikali sethusi siqukethe i-copper oxide (CuO), i-basic copper carbonate [Cu2 (OH) 2CO3], ne-metallic copper.

Isikali sokugqwala singasuswa ngokugeza nge-asidi. Indlela nezinyathelo zokugeza nge-asidi ngokuyisisekelo ziyafana nendlela yokuhlanza imishini ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.

Uma okuqukethwe kwethusi ekubhuqwini kuphezulu, akukwazi ukususwa ngokugeza i-asidi kuphela. Kuyadingeka ukususa ingxenye yethusi ngamanzi ammonia ngaphambi kokugeza i-asidi.

Izikali zethusi ne-copper oxide ngokuvamile zakha okunamathiselwe okufakwe izingqimba ezinama-iron oxides, okunzima ukuwahlanza futhi kufanele ahlanzwe ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezinamathiselo ezinezingqimba.

 

Indlela yokuhlanza isishintshi sokushisa?

Ukuhlanzwa kwezishintshi zokushisa ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: ukuhlanza ngemishini nokuhlanza amakhemikhali.

 

Ukuhlanza ngomshini

Indlela yokuhlanza ngomshini incike ekugelezeni koketshezi noma isenzo sokusebenza ukuze kunikeze amandla amakhulu kunamandla okunamathela okungcola, okwenza ukungcola kuphume endaweni yokushintshanisa ukushisa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlela zokuhlanza ngomshini: enye iyindlela yokuhlanza eqinile, njengokuhlanza isifutho samanzi, ukuhlanza isifutho se-steam, ukuhlanza i-sandblasting, i-scraper noma i-drill bit descaling, njll; Olunye uhlobo ukuhlanza ngomshini okuthambile, okufana nokuhlanza ibhulashi locingo nokuhlanza amabhola enjoloba. Ngezansi kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezindlela:

Ukuhlanza izifutho kuyindlela yokwehlisa usebenzisa isifutho samanzi anengcindezi ephezulu noma umthelela wemishini. Uma usebenzisa le ndlela, ingcindezi yamanzi imvamisa ingu-20~50MPa. Manje kukhona nezingcindezi eziphakeme ze-50-70Mpa ezisetshenziswayo.

Ukuhlanza izifutho, okufanayo ekuklanyweni nasekusetshenzisweni kokuhlanza isifutho, kuyithuluzi elifafaza isitimu eshubhuni nasezinhlangothini zegobolondo zesishintshi sokushisa ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola ngomthelela nokushisa.

Ukuhlanzwa kwe-sandblasting kuyinqubo yokusebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe (300-350kPa) ngesibhamu sokufutha ukuze kukhiqizwe isivinini esiqinile somugqa esihlabathini sequartz esihluziwe (ngokuvamile esinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingu-3-5mm), esikhipha udonga lwangaphakathi lweshubhu yesishintshi sokushisa, sisuse ukungcola, futhi sibuyisele izici zokudlulisa ukushisa zangempela zeshubhu.

I-scraper noma i-drill bit descaling, lo mshini wokuhlanza ufanelekile kuphela ukuhlanza ukungcola ngaphakathi kwamapayipi noma amasilinda. Faka i-descaling scraper noma i-drill bit phezulu kwe-shaft ejikelezayo eguquguqukayo, bese uzungezisa isikrufu noma i-drill bit ngomoya ocindezelweyo noma ugesi (futhi usebenzisa amanzi noma isitimu).

Ukuhlanzwa kwebhola lerabha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isicoci esiqhumisa isibhamu. I-shot blasting cleaner yenziwe ngebhola lesipontshi kanye nesibhamu se-fluid spray esiphusha ibhola ngaphakathi kwepayipi ukuze lihlanzwe. Ibhola limise okwegobolondo futhi likhishwa esipontshini se-foam polyurethane esiqinile, esinwebeka.

 

Ukuhlanza amakhemikhali

Indlela yokuhlanza amakhemikhali ihlanganisa ukwengeza ama-ejenti anciphisayo, ama-acids, ama-enzyme, njll oketshezini ukuze kuncishiswe ukunamathela phakathi kokungcola nendawo yokushintshanisa ukushisa, okubangela ukuba kuxebuke endaweni yokushintshanisa ukushisa.

Izindlela zamanje zokuhlanza amakhemikhali ezisetshenziswayo yilezi:

Indlela yokujikeleza: Sebenzisa iphampu ukuphoqa isisombululo sokuhlanza ukuthi sijikeleze ukuze kuhlanzwe.

Indlela yokucwiliswa: Gcwalisa okokusebenza ngesixazululo sokuhlanza bese uvumela ukuthi ime isikhathi esithile.

Indlela yokuhlinza: Gcwalisa okokusebenza ngesixazululo sokuhlanza, khipha ingxenye yesixazululo sokuhlanza kusukela phansi ngezikhathi ezithile, bese ufaka kabusha uketshezi oluchithiwe emishinini ukuze ufeze inhloso yokugoqa nokuhlanza.

 

Indlela yokuhlanza igedlela lokusabela?

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuhlanza imikhumbi yokusabela: ukuhlanza ngomshini, ukuhlanza amakhemikhali, nokuhlanza ngesandla.

 

Ukuhlanza ngomshini

Ukuhlanza ngomshini: Ngokusebenzisa idivayisi yokuhlanza enomfutho ophezulu, ukugeleza kwamanzi anomfutho ophezulu kusetshenziswa ukugeleza ngobhobho, ukudiliza isikali esiqinile odongeni lwangaphakathi lomkhumbi wokusabela kanye nengaphezulu le-agitator, ukulixebula kahle nokulikhipha.

Umgomo wokuhlanza ijethi yamanzi enengcindezi ephezulu uwukucindezela amanzi kumfutho ophezulu, bese uwakhulula ngombhobho ofakwe erobhothini lokuhlanza elifakwe eketelani. Ingcindezi ingaguqulwa ibe amandla e-kinetic okugeleza kwamanzi, okungaba nomthelela odongeni lodongeni ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela yokuhlanza nokususa.
Ukuhlanza amakhemikhali

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukwakheka kwesampula yesikali ngaphakathi kwemishini ye-reactor, okungcono kakhulu ngokusebenzisa amasampula nokuhlaziya. Ngemva kokunquma ukwakheka kokungcola, yenza izivivinyo kuqala, khetha ama-ejenti okuhlanza, futhi uqinisekise ngokuhlolwa ukuthi ngeke abangele ukugqwala kwensimbi yesisetshenziswa. Khona-ke, idivayisi yesikhashana yokusakaza iyasethwa esizeni ukuze ijikeleze isixazululo sokuhlanza ngaphakathi kwemishini futhi igeze ukungcola.

Okokuqala, hlambulula i-blade yokuxuba nodonga lwangaphakathi lweketela ngenani elifanele lamanzi, bese uwakhipha ngokuphelele.

Geza umkhumbi wokusabela nge-solvent ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ecindezelwe.

Uma umphumela wokuhlanza ungafinyelelwa, engeza inani elifanele le-solvent kugedlela lokusabela, fudumeza, ugovuze futhi uphinde uphendule kuze kube yilapho izidingo zokuhlanza zifinyelelwa, bese ukhulula isincibilikisi.

Ekugcineni, hlambulula udonga lwangaphakathi lomkhumbi wokusabela ngenani elithile le-solvent bese uyikhulula.

Ukungena mathupha eketeleni nokuhlanza mathupha

Izindleko eziphansi ziyinzuzo yayo enkulu, kodwa idinga amahora amaningana wokungenisa umoya kanye nokushintshaniswa komoya ngaphambi kokungena ku-reactor. Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanza, ukuhlushwa kwe-oksijeni ngaphakathi kwe-reactor kumele kuqashwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, okubeka ingozi yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo; Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuklwebha okwenziwa ngesandla akugcini nje ngokuhluleka ukuhlanza ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi kubangela izimpawu zokuslayida odongeni lwangaphakathi lomkhumbi wokusabela, okuholela ngokuqondile ekubambeleleni okwengeziwe kwezinsalela. Ukuhlanza igedlela kungase kubangele nezindaba zokuhlanzeka ngomkhiqizo. Ngokuvamile, kuthatha cishe isigamu sosuku usuku ukuhlanza igedlela.

Indlela ngayinye kulezi ezintathu inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi:

Ukuhlanza ngomshini akugqwali imishini futhi kungahlanza ngokuphumelelayo isikali esiqinile, kodwa kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kudinga umfutho omkhulu wokusebenza;

Ukuhlanza ngamakhemikhali kudinga umsebenzi omncane, kunesikhathi esifushane sokuhlanza, nokuhlanza kahle, kodwa kungase kubangele ukuthi izinto zokusebenza zigle;

Ukungena mathupha eketela ukuze uhlanzwe kubiza kancane, kodwa kuthwala izinga eliphezulu lengozi futhi akukwazi ukuhlanzwa ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziswa ezimweni zokusebenza lapho ukungcola kuthambile futhi kuncane, kuyilapho ukuhlanzwa kwemishini kusetshenziswa ezimweni zokusebenza lapho ukungcola kunzima futhi kukhulu.