Isingeniso

Umzuliswano wokuqala wokwenyuka kwamanani ngo-Agasti usufikile ngokusemthethweni! Ngesonto eledlule, amafekthri ahlukene aqale agxila ekuvaleni, ekhombisa ukuzimisela okuhlangene ukunyusa amanani. I-Shandong Fengfeng yavulwa ngomhlaka-9, futhi i-DMC yenyuka ngamayuan angama-300 yaya ku-13200 yuan/ton, ibuyisela i-DMC ngaphezu kuka-13000 kuwo wonke ulayini! Ngalo lolo suku, ifektri enkulu eNyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShayina yaphakamisa intengo yenjoloba eluhlaza ngamayuan angu-200, okwenza intengo yaba ngu-14500 yuan/ton; Futhi ezinye izimboni ngazinye nazo ziye zalandela, ne-glue engu-107, uwoyela we-silicone, njll. futhi ihlangabezana nokunyuka kwe-200-500.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlangothini lwezindleko, i-silicone yezimboni isesesimweni esidabukisayo. Ngesonto eledlule, amanani entengo yesikhathi esizayo ehle ngaphansi kuka-"10000", okubangela ukuhlehla okunye ekuzinzeni kwe-silicon yensimbi. Ukuguquguquka kohlangothi lwezindleko akusizi nje kuphela ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwenzuzo yefekthri ngayinye, kodwa futhi kwandisa i-bargaining chip yezimboni ngazinye. Phela, ukuthambekela kwamanje kweyunifomu phezulu akuqhutshwa ukufunwa, kodwa ukunyakaza okungenakusiza okungenanzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Sekukonke, ngokusekelwe kumbono we-"Golden September kanye ne-Silver October", futhi kuyimpendulo enhle obizweni "lokuqinisa ukuzithiba kwemboni nokuvimbela ukuncintisana okunonya ngendlela" yokuncintisana kwangaphakathi "; Ngesonto eledlule, laba bobabili Izikhombisi-ndlela ezinkulu zomoya eShandong naseNyakatho-ntshonalanga zibonise ukwenyuka kwentengo, futhi ngomhla ka-15 waleli sonto nakuba abangaphakathi embonini ngokuvamile bengenawo umbono omuhle, umfula okhuphukayo usakhuphuka kuqala njengophawu lwenhlonipho, kuyilapho izindawo ezimaphakathi neziphansi ziyamemeza. ukuphakama esikhundleni sokulandela i-suit, kugcizelela umuzwa womkhathi! isikhathi esifushane, futhi isiqondiso esijwayelekile siwukuzinza nokuhlola ukukhuphuka.

I-inventory ephansi, enezinga lokusebenza lilonke elingaphezu kuka-70%

1 Jiangsu Zhejiang esifundeni

Izikhungo ezintathu eZhejiang zisebenza ngokujwayelekile, ngokukhiqizwa kwesilingo samathani angama-200000 womthamo omusha; I-Zhangjiagang 400000 ton plant isebenza ngokujwayelekile;

2 Central China

Izikhungo ze-Hubei ne-Jiangxi zigcina ukusebenza kwemithwalo encishisiwe, futhi kukhishwa amandla amasha okukhiqiza;

3 Isifunda saseShandong

Isitshalo esinomphumela wonyaka wamathani angu-80000 sisebenza ngokujwayelekile, futhi amathani angu-400000 angenile esigabeni sokuhlolwa; Idivayisi eyodwa enokukhishwa konyaka kwamathani angu-700000, esebenza ngomthwalo owehlisiwe; Ukuvalwa kwesikhathi eside kwesitshalo samathani ayi-150000;

4 eNyakatho neChina

Imboni eyodwa e-Hebei isebenza ngomthamo oncishisiwe, okuholela ekukhululweni kancane kwamandla amasha okukhiqiza; Izikhungo ezimbili e-Inner Mongolia zisebenza ngokujwayelekile;

5 Isifunda esiseNingizimu-ntshonalanga

Imboni yamathani angu-200000 eYunnan isebenza ngokujwayelekile;

6 Sekukonke

Ngokuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwensimbi ye-silicon kanye nokulungiswa okusebenzayo kwezimpahla ezifika ezansi nomfula ekuqaleni kwenyanga, izimboni ngazinye zisenenzuzo encane futhi umfutho wezimpahla awukho phezulu. Izinga lokusebenza lilonke lihlala lingaphezulu kwama-70%. Azikho izinhlelo eziningi ezisebenzayo zokupaka nokunakekela ngo-August, futhi amabhizinisi ngamanye anamandla amasha okukhiqiza nawo agcina ukusebenza kokuvula amasha nokumisa amadala.

107 imakethe yerabha:

Ngesonto eledlule, imakethe yenjoloba yasekhaya engu-107 ibonise ukuthambekela okukhuphuka kancane. Kusukela ngomhla ka-10 Agasti, intengo yemakethe yasekhaya yerabha engu-107 isuka ku-13700-14000 yuan/ton, ngokunyuka kwamasonto onke ngo-1.47%. Ohlangothini lwezindleko, ngesonto eledlule imakethe ye-DMC iqede umkhuba wayo wangaphambilini obuthakathaka. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuzilungiselela, igcine isungule umkhuba okhuphukayo lapho ivulwa ngoLwesihlanu, okukhuthaze ngokuqondile umsebenzi wophenyo wemakethe yenjoloba engu-107.

Ngasohlangothini lokunikezela, ngaphandle komkhuba wesikhathi eside oseceleni wabakhiqizi baseNyakatho-ntshonalanga, ukuzimisela kwamanye amafekthri angawodwana ukunyusa amanani kukhule kakhulu. Ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinyathelo zokukhiya, abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene balandele inkambiso yemakethe futhi bakhuphula intengo yeglue engu-107. Phakathi kwabo, abakhiqizi abakhulu esifundeni sase-Shandong, ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo okuhle okuqhubekayo kuma-oda, bahole ekulungiseni izingcaphuno zabo zomphakathi zibe yi-14000 yuan/ton, kodwa basagcine indawo ethile yokuxoxisana ngezintengo zangempela zokuthengiselana zamakhasimende ayinhloko aphansi komfula.

Ohlangothini olufunwayo lwe-adhesive silicone:

Mayelana ne-adhesive yokwakha, abakhiqizi abaningi sebevele baqedile ukubeka izinto eziyisisekelo, futhi abanye baze bakhe izindawo zokugcina impahla ngaphambi kwenkathi ephezulu. Bebhekene nokukhuphuka kwentengo ye-adhesive engu-107, laba bakhiqizi ngokuvamile bamukela isimo sengqondo sokulinda nokubona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni yezindlu nezindlu isesesikhathini esijwayelekile esingekho, futhi isidingo sabasebenzisi abazansi nomfula sokuphinda sigcwaliswe siqinile, okwenza ukuziphatha kokuqongelela kube nokuqapha.

Emkhakheni we-adhesive photovoltaic, ngenxa yemiyalo yemojula evilaphayo, abakhiqizi abahamba phambili kuphela abangathembela kuma-oda akhona ukuze kugcinwe ukukhiqizwa, kuyilapho abanye abakhiqizi besebenzisa amasu okuhlela ukukhiqiza ngokuqapha. Ukwengeza, uhlelo lokufakwa kweziteshi zamandla ezifuywayo ezifuywayo azikaqaliswa ngokugcwele, futhi esikhathini esifushane, abakhiqizi bavame ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa ukuze basekele amanani, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesidingo sokunamathela kwe-photovoltaic.

Ngamafuphi, esikhathini esifushane, ngokukhuphuka kwe-glue engu-107, abakhiqizi ngabanye bazozama ukugaya ama-oda akhiqizwa umuzwa wokuthenga. Izinkampani eziwela phansi zigcina isimo sengqondo sokuqapha mayelana nokujaha ukukhuphuka kwentengo esikhathini esizayo, futhi zisalinde amathuba okushintsha emakethe ngokuhlinzekwa okungalingani kanye nesidingo, ezivame ukuhweba ngamanani aphansi. Kulindeleke ukuthi intengo yemakethe yesikhashana ye-107 glue izoncipha futhi isebenze.

Imakethe ye-Silicone:

Ngesonto eledlule, imakethe kawoyela ye-silicone yasekhaya yahlala izinzile ngokuguquguquka okuncane, futhi ukuhweba emakethe kwakuvumelana nezimo. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 10, intengo yemakethe yasekhaya kawoyela we-methyl silicone ingu-14700-15800 yuan/ton, ngokunyuka kancane kwamayuan angama-300 kwezinye izindawo. Ohlangothini lwezindleko, i-DMC ikhuphuke ngo-300 yuan/ton, ibuyela ebangeni elingu-13000 yuan/ton. Ngenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi bakawoyela we-silicone sebevele bangene emakethe ngentengo ephansi ekuqaleni, baqapha kakhulu ngokuthenga i-DMC ngemuva kokukhuphuka kwentengo; Mayelana ne-silicon ether, ngenxa yokwehla okwengeziwe kwentengo ye-ether ephakeme, ukwehla okulindelekile ku-inventory ye-silicon ether. Sekukonke, ukuhlelwa kwangaphambili kwamabhizinisi kawoyela we-silicone kubangele ukuguquguquka okuncane kwezindleko zokukhiqiza kulesi sigaba samanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni ehamba phambili kawoyela we-hydrogen silicone ephezulu inyuse inani layo ngamayuan angama-500. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa, intengo eyinhloko ecashuniwe yamafutha aphezulu e-hydrogen silicone e-China yi-6700-8500 yuan/ton;

Ngasohlangothini lokunikezela, izinkampani zikawoyela we-silicone ikakhulukazi zithembele ekuthengisweni ukuze zinqume ukukhiqizwa, futhi izinga lokusebenza lilonke liyisilinganiso. Ngenxa yabakhiqizi abahamba phambili abahlala begcina amanani aphansi kawoyela we-silicone, kudale ingcindezi yentengo kwezinye izinkampani zikawoyela we-silicone emakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo mzuliswano wokunyuka kwentengo wawuntula ukusekelwa kwe-oda, futhi izinkampani eziningi zikawoyela we-silicone azizange zilandele ngenkuthalo umkhuba wokwenyuka kwentengo ye-DMC, kodwa zakhetha ukuzinzisa noma ngisho nokulungisa izintengo ukuze zigcine isabelo semakethe.

Mayelana nowoyela we-silicone womkhiqizo wangaphandle, nakuba kunezimpawu zokuphindaphinda emakethe ye-silicone yasekhaya, ukukhula kwesidingo kusebuthakathaka. Ama-ejenti kawoyela we-silicone ohlobo lwangaphandle agxile kakhulu ekugcineni ukuthunyelwa okuzinzile. Kusukela ngomhlaka-10 Agasti, ama-ejenti kawoyela we-silicone yohlobo lwangaphandle acaphune ama-yuan/ton angu-17500-18500, ahlala ezinzile isonto lonke.

Ngasohlangothini lwesidingo, isizini ye-off-season kanye nesimo sezulu sokushisa okuphezulu siyaqhubeka, futhi isidingo se-adhesive ye-silicone emakethe ye-adhesive yegumbi sibuthakathaka. Abasabalalisi banokuzimisela okubuthakathaka kokuthenga, futhi ingcindezi ku-inventory yabakhiqizi yenyukile. Njengoba zibhekene nezindleko ezikhulayo, izinkampani zokunamathisela i-silicone zivame ukusebenzisa amasu okugcina, ukugcwalisa kabusha i-inventory uma kwenzeka ukunyuka kwamanani amancane nokulinda nokubukela ukuyeka ngesikhathi sokwenyuka kwamanani amakhulu. Lonke uchungechunge lwemboni lusagxile ekongeni amanani aphansi. Ukwengeza, imboni yokuphrinta yendwangu kanye nokudaya nayo isesikhathini esingekho, futhi isidingo esiphansi somfula kunzima ukukhushulwa ukukhuphuka kwesimo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukugcina ukuthengwa kwesidingo esiqinile ezicini eziningi.

Ngokuzayo, nakuba izintengo ze-DMC zisebenza ngamandla, ukukhuphuka kwesidingo semakethe ephansi kunomkhawulo, futhi umuzwa wokuthenga awumuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezihamba phambili ziyaqhubeka nokunikeza amanani aphansi. Le rebound kusenzima ukudambisa ingcindezi yokusebenza yamabhizinisi kawoyela we-silicone. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekabili yezindleko nesidingo, izinga lokusebenza lizoqhubeka nokuncipha, futhi amanani azozinza ngokuyinhloko.

Izinto ezintsha ziyanda, kuyilapho i-silicone engcolile kanye nezinto zokuqhekeka zilandela kancane

Imakethe yezinto ezibonakalayo:

Ukwenyuka kwamanani ezinto ezintsha kunamandla, futhi izinkampani zezinto eziqhekekayo zilandele okufanayo. Phela, esimweni sokwenza ukulahlekelwa, ukunyuka kwamanani kuphela okuzuzisa imakethe. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yezinto ezintsha kunqunyelwe, futhi isitokwe esingezansi nakho siyaqaphela. Izinkampani ze-cracking material nazo zicabangela ukunyuka okuncane. Ngesonto eledlule, ikhotheshini ye-DMC yezinto eziqhekekayo yalungiswa ukuze ibe cishe ku-12200~12600 yuan/ton (ngaphandle kwentela), ukukhuphuka okuncane okungamayuan angama-200. Ukulungiswa okulandelayo kuzosuselwa ekukhuphukeni kwamanani ezinto ezintsha kanye nevolumu yoku-oda.

Mayelana ne-silicone yemfucuza, eqhutshwa ukukhuphuka kwemakethe, intengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe ikhushulelwe ku-4300-4500 yuan/ton (ngaphandle kwentela), ukukhuphuka kwamayuan angu-150. Kodwa-ke, isavinjelwa ukufunwa kwamabhizinisi wezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi isimo sokuqagela sinengqondo kakhulu kunangaphambili. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zomkhiqizo we-silicon nazo zihlose ukukhulisa intengo etholwayo, okuholela ekutheni ama-silicone agaywe kabusha asale engenzi lutho, futhi isimo sokuzibamba phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezintathu kunzima ukubona izinguquko ezibalulekile okwamanje.

Sekukonke, ukwenyuka kwentengo yezinto ezintsha kube nomthelela othile emakethe yezinto eziqhekekayo, kodwa izimboni zezinto eziqhekekayo ezisebenza ngokulahlekelwa zilindele okuphansi ngekusasa. Basaqaphela ekuthengeni ijeli ye-silicone engcolile futhi bagxile ekuthumeleni ngokushesha nasekubuyiseleni izimali. Kulindeleke ukuthi imboni yezinto eziqhekekayo kanye nemboni yejeli ye-silica kadoti izoqhubeka nokuncintisana futhi isebenze esikhathini esifushane.

Irabha eluhlaza ikhuphuka ngo-200, iraba exubile iqaphela lapho ijaha izinzuzo

Imakethe yerabha eluhlaza:

NgoLwesihlanu olwedlule, abakhiqizi abakhulu bacaphune i-14500 yuan/ton yerabha eluhlaza, okuwukunyuka kwama-yuan angama-200. Ezinye izinkampani zenjoloba ezingavuthiwe zalandela ngokushesha futhi zalandela ngazwi linye, ngokwenyuka kwamasonto onke ngo-2.1%. Ngokombono wemakethe, ngokusekelwe esignali yokwenyuka kwentengo ekhishwe ekuqaleni kwenyanga, amabhizinisi ahlanganisa injoloba angaphansi komfula aqedele ukwakhiwa kwempahla ephansi, futhi amafektri amakhulu asevele athole igagasi lama-oda ekuqaleni kwenyanga izinzuzo zamanani aphelele. Ngesonto eledlule, izimboni ezihlukahlukene zavalwa, futhi abakhiqizi abakhulu basebenzisa lesi simo ukuze banyuse intengo yenjoloba eluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, ngokwazi kwethu, imodeli yesaphulelo esingu-3 + 1 isagcinwa (izimoto ezintathu zenjoloba eluhlaza ezihambisana nemoto eyodwa yerabha exubile). Noma intengo ikhuphuka ngo-200, kuseyinketho yokuqala ezinkampanini eziningi zenjoloba ezixubile ukufaka ama-oda.

Esikhathini esifushane, irabha eluhlaza yabakhiqizi abakhulu inenzuzo yokuba nzima kakhulu, futhi ezinye izinkampani zenjoloba ezingavuthiwe azizimisele kangako ukuncintisana. Ngakho-ke, isimo sisalawulwa abakhiqizi abakhulu. Ngokuzayo, ukuze kuhlanganiswe isabelo semakethe, abakhiqizi abakhulu kulindeleke ukuthi bagcine inani eliphansi kakhulu lenjoloba eluhlaza ngokulungiswa kwentengo. Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe futhi. Ngesamba esikhulu senjoloba exubile evela kubakhiqizi abakhulu abangena emakethe, isimo lapho irabha eluhlaza ikhuphuka ngenkathi irabha exubekile ingavuki nayo kulindeleke ukuthi ivele.

Imakethe yokuxuba irabha:

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwenyanga lapho ezinye izinkampani zenyusa amanani kwaze kwaba ngesonto eledlule lapho amafekthri ahamba phambili enyusa amanani azo enjoloba eluhlaza ngama-yuan angu-200, ukuzethemba kwemboni yokuxuba injoloba kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu. Nakuba umuzwa we-bullish wemakethe uphezulu, kusukela esimweni sangempela sokuthenga, ikhotheshini evamile emakethe yokuhlanganisa iraba isephakathi kuka-13000 no-13500 yuan/ton. Okokuqala, umehluko wezindleko zemikhiqizo eminingi evamile yokuxutshwa kwenjoloba awubalulekile, futhi ukwanda kwamayuan angama-200 kunomthelela omncane ezindlekweni futhi akukho mehluko osobala; Okwesibili, ama-oda emikhiqizo ye-silicon azinzile, nokuthengwa okunengqondo okuyisisekelo kanye nokuthengiselana okusele kugxile emakethe. Nakuba isifiso sokwandisa amanani sibonakala, amanani ezinto zenjoloba ezivela ezimbonini ezihamba phambili azikashintshi. Ezinye izimboni zenjoloba azikwazi ukuphakamisa amanani ngokuxhamazela futhi azifuni ukulahlekelwa ama-oda ngenxa yomehluko omncane wamanani.

Ngokwezinga lokukhiqiza, ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba exubile phakathi nokuphela kuka-Agasti kungase kungene esimweni esinamandla, futhi ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kungase kubonise ukwanda okukhulu. Ngokufika kwesizini ephakeme yendabuko ye-"Golden September", uma ama-oda elandelwa futhi futhi uhlu lwamagama kulindeleke ukuthi lugcwaliswe kusenesikhathi ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubekisele phambili isimo semakethe.

Isidingo semikhiqizo ye-silicon:
Abakhiqizi baqaphe kakhulu ngokukhuphuka kwamanani emakethe kunokuba bathathe isinyathelo. Bagcina kuphela inani elilinganiselwe lokuhlinzekwa ngamanani aphansi ezidingo ezibalulekile, okwenza kube nzima ukugcina ukuhweba okusebenzayo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe okwenziwayo, ukuxutshwa kwenjoloba kusawela esimeni sokuncintisana senani. Ehlobo, umthamo we-oda wemikhiqizo yokushisa ephezulu yemikhiqizo ye-silicon inkulu kakhulu, futhi ukuqhubeka kwe-oda kuhle. Sekukonke, isidingo somfula osezansi nomfula sisebuthakathaka, futhi ngenxa yenzuzo ephansi yebhizinisi, intengo yenjoloba exubile ishintshashintsha kakhulu.

Ukubikezela kwemakethe

Kafushane, amandla abusayo emakethe ye-silicone ezikhathini zamuva nje asohlangothini lokunikezela, futhi ukuzimisela kwabakhiqizi ngabanye ukunyusa amanani kuya ngokuya kuqina, okuye kwadambisa umuzwa we-bearish owela phansi.

Ohlangothini lwezindleko, kusukela ngomhlaka-9 Agasti, intengo yendawo engu-421 # ye-silicon yensimbi emakethe yasekhaya isuka ku-12000 iye ku-12700 yuan/ton, nokwehla kancane kwenani elimaphakathi. Inkontileka yekusasa eyinhloko i-Si24011 ivalwe ku-9860, ngokuncipha kwamasonto onke ngo-6.36%. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesidingo esibalulekile esihle se-polysilicon ne-silicone, kulindeleke ukuthi izintengo ze-silicon yezimboni zizoshintshashintsha phakathi kwebanga eliphansi, okuzoba nomthelela obuthakathaka ezindlekweni ze-silicone.

Ngasohlangothini lokuhlinzeka, ngesu lokuvala nokunyusa amanani, ukuzimisela okuqinile kwezimboni ngazinye ukunyusa amanani kubonisiwe, futhi ukugxila kokuthengiselana ezimakethe kuye kwakhuphuka kancane kancane. Ngokuqondile, amafekthri ngamanye ane-DMC kanye ne-107 adhesive njengamandla abo amakhulu okuthengisa anokuzimisela okunamandla ukunyusa amanani; Amafekthri ahamba phambili abeseceleni isikhathi eside nawo asabele kulo mzuliswano wokukhuphuka ngenjoloba eluhlaza; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimboni ezimbili ezinkulu ezansi nomfula ezinamaketanga ezimboni eziqinile zikhiphe ngokusemthethweni izincwadi zokwenyuka kwentengo, ngesimo sengqondo esicacile sokuvikela umugqa ophansi wenzuzo. Lolu chungechunge lwezinyathelo ngokungangabazeki lufaka isikhuthazi emakethe ye-silicone.

Ohlangothini lwesidingo, nakuba uhlangothi lokuhlinzeka lubonise ukuzimisela okunamandla ukunyusa amanani, isimo ohlangothini lwesidingo asizange sivumelaniswe ngokugcwele. Njengamanje, isidingo semikhiqizo yokunamathisela ye-silicone kanye ne-silicone e-China ngokuvamile siphezulu, futhi amandla okushayela okusetshenziswa kwetheminali awabalulekile. Umthwalo emabhizinisini aphansi ngokuvamile uzinzile. Isimo esingaqinisekile sama-oda wesizini ephakeme kakhulu singase sidonsele phansi izinhlelo zokwakha izindlu zokugcina izimpahla zabakhiqizi abaphakathi nendawo nabaphansi, futhi ukuthambekela okuphezulu okuwinwe kanzima kulo mzuliswano kuzophinde kube buthaka futhi.

Sekukonke, ukukhuphuka kwemakethe ye-organic silicon kulo mzuliswano kuqhutshwa kakhulu imizwa yemakethe nokuziphatha okuqagelayo, futhi izisekelo zangempela zisebuthakathaka. Ngazo zonke izindaba ezinhle ngasohlangothini lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla esikhathini esizayo, ikota yesithathu yamandla okukhiqiza amathani angu-400000 abakhiqizi beShandong iyasondela, kanye namandla okukhiqiza amathani angu-200000 eMpumalanga China nase-Huazhong nawo abambezelekile. Ukugaya umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza weyunithi eyodwa kuseyinkemba elengayo emakethe ye-organic silicon. Uma kucatshangelwa ingcindezi ezayo ohlangothini lokuhlinzeka, kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe ye-silicone izosebenza ngokuyinhloko ngendlela ehlanganisiwe esikhathini esifushane, futhi ukuguquguquka kwentengo kungase kube nomkhawulo. Kutuswa ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha.
(Lokhu kuhlaziya okungenhla kungokwereferensi kuphela futhi kungokwezinjongo zokuxhumana kuphela. Akuhlanganisi izincomo zokuthenga noma ukuthengisa izimpahla ezihilelekile.)

Ngomhlaka-12 Agasti, izingcaphuno ezivamile emakethe ye-silicone: