Isicelo ekugcineni okumanzi yokwenza iphepha

Ama-surfactants okulinganisa angamakhemikhali abalulekile wokugcina amanzi anikeza ukumelana namanzi ephepheni nasekhadini. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhala, ukuphrinta, ukupakisha, kanye nephepha lokwakha nekhadibhodi.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-ejenti wokulinganisa ama-agent asekelwe ku-rosin kanye nama-synthetic based sizing agents. Ukulungiswa kosayizi we-rosin ehlakazekile kuyinqubo engokwenyama namakhemikhali, lapho i-rosin eqinile ibamba ukushisa futhi ibe yi-rosin ewuketshezi. Kukhona ukungezwani okukhulu phakathi kobuso phakathi koketshezi lwe-rosin namanzi, futhi ukunciphisa lokhu kungezwani kobuso kungafezwa kuphela ngokungeza izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ama-Emulsifiers nama-disperants e-dispersing rosin gum kokubili ama-surfactants. Ukukhetha i-surfactant efanele kuwukhiye wokulungiselela inhlaka ye-rosin ehlakaziwe, futhi evame ukusetshenziswa ihlanganisa ama-anionic, cationic, nama-zwitterionic agents. I-emulsifier esetshenziswa kakhulu eShayina i-anionic dispersed rosin gum, futhi ama-emulsifiers asetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo lwe-polyoxyethylene, njenge-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, i-sodium 2-hydroxy-3- (styrene glycol) acrylic sulfonate, sodium 2-hydroxy-3- (nonoxyenoxythylene) njll. ama-emulsifiers we-cationic afana ne-cationic polyacrylamide, i-polyamide polyamide epichlorohydrin, nesitashi se-cationic asetshenziselwa ukulungisa usayizi we-rosin ohlakazekile we-cationic.

Ama-synthetic sizing agents ikakhulukazi afaka i-alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) ne-alkyl succinic anhydride (ASA). Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-ejenti wokulinganisa zaziwa nangokuthi ama-ejenti okulinganisa asebenzayo ngenxa yokuthi aqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo angasabela namaqembu e-hydroxyl emicu futhi ahlale emicu. Ngenxa yekhono lazo lokwamukela izimo ze-pH ephezulu (pH=7.5-8.5), lolu hlobo lwe-ejenti yokulinganisa ludumile embonini yamaphepha njengoba lungasebenzisa i-calcium carbonate eshibhile njengesigcwalisi ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla, ubumhlophe, kanye nokusebenza kwephepha. Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwama-50% wamaphepha asezingeni eliphezulu emazweni athuthukile asezuze ukwenziwa kwamaphepha okuphakathi ukuya kwe-alkaline. I-AKD ne-ASA azincibiliki emanzini, futhi isithako esizinzile se-AKD singalungiselelwa kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwe-polyoxyethylene lwe-non-ionic surfactant njenge-emulsifier.

Phakathi nenqubo yokufiphala kwe-pulp ephathwa ngama-surfactants ukuze kulawuleke inhlaka, inhlaka esele izokwehla. Uma ingahlukaniswanga ngesikhathi, izokwakha amadiphozi e-viscous anamathela emishinini, umshini wephepha we-copper mesh, indwangu yoboya, namasilinda okomisa, okubangela izithiyo zokwenza iphepha, okuthinta ukwenza iphepha okuvamile, futhi kubangele izifo zephepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwephepha lemfucumfucu namuhla, izinto ezisekelwe ku-resin njengezinamathiselo, izixhumi zikayinki, nezinamatheliso zokunamathela ephepheni likadoti nazo zingakha izithiyo zenhlaka ezithinta ukwenziwa kwephepha. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwama-ejenti okulawula i-resin barriers selubaluleke kakhulu.

Ama-ejenti okulawula i-resin barrier avame ukusetshenziswa ahlanganisa izigcwalisi ezingaphili (njenge-talc powder), ama-fungicides, ama-surfactants, ama-chelating agents, ama-cationic polymers, ama-lipase, nama-ejenti ahlukanisa ulwelwesi. Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-anionic surfactants, okwamanje okungama-surfactants asetshenziswa kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ama-alcohol sulfate aphezulu, i-alkylbenzene sulfonic acids, notshwala obuphakeme, ama-phosphates, njll. Ama-Cationic surfactants ikakhulukazi ama-alkyl amine salts noma ama-quaternary ammonium salts. Ama-non-ionic surfactants ikakhulukazi afaka i-polyethylene glycol nama-polyols. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ama-amphoteric surfactants kanye nama-multicomponent complexes. I-ejenti yokuhlubula iphinde ibe yi-ejenti yokulawula i-resin esetshenziselwa ukulawula ukunamathela phakathi kwesomisi neshidi lephepha, gcoba i-scraper ne-dryer, futhi ilawule ukusatshalaliswa kwe-adhesive. Ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-polyamide polymer lotion, efana ne-polyvinyl alcohol lotion, uwoyela wamaminerali kanye nesiteji sokufafaza i-organic silicon lotion kanye ne-polyamine polyamide cationic polymer.

I-surfactant yokukhipha amagwebu

Enqubweni yokwenziwa kwephepha, i-pulp iqukethe inani elincane lezinto eziphuma amagwebu zemvelo nezifakwe ngokwenziwa njengezakhi zobuchwepheshe nama-acids anamafutha, kanye neziqinisa igwebu njengama-polymers okwenziwa kanye nesitashi. Ngakho-ke, i-foam izovela, ibangele izinkinga ezifana nokuphulwa kwephepha noma izimbobo ephepheni. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo zama-defoamers asetshenziswa ekwenzeni iphepha ama-alcohols aphezulu ekhabhoni, ama-polyethers, ama-fatty acid ester, ama-organic silicon polymers, njll. Ngokuvamile alungiselelwa emanzini ku-lotion kawoyela.

I-Softener yokwenza iphepha

Ukuthamba kusho ikhono lama-surfactants okwenza amaqembu e-hydrophobic ngaphezulu kwamafayibha futhi awakhangise abheke emuva, ehlisa ama-coefficients aguquguqukayo namile wokungqubuzana wento yefayibha, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukuzwa okubushelelezi nokuthambile. Uviniga we-Sulfuric acid, uwoyela we-castor oyi-sulfonated, nezinye izisetshenziswa ze-anionic zibonisa umphumela wokuthambisa lapho zikhangiswa phezu kwemicu.

Amaqembu e-cationic kuma-cationic surfactants angakwazi ukuhlangana ngokuqondile nemicu ekhokhiswa kabi, kuyilapho amaqembu e-hydrophobic enza izindawo ezingaphansi kwamandla ngaphandle kwemicu, okuholela ekuguquguqukeni okuhle ngokukhethekile. I-fatty acid bisamide epichlorohydrin isetshenziswa kakhulu ephepheni elinezidingo eziguquguqukayo eziphezulu, njengephepha lasendlini yangasese, iphepha lokushwabana, ama napkin ehlanzekile, amaduku, ama-napkin, njll.

Ama-surfactants e-bipolar ionic anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Amaqembu abo e-cationic angakha isibopho ngemicu, kuyilapho amaqembu abo e-anionic angabopha ngemicu ngokusebenzisa i-polyelectrolytes noma i-aluminium ion ku-pulp. Angase futhi abangele amaqembu e-hydrophobic ukuthi aqondanise ngaphandle, anciphise kakhulu amandla angaphezulu. Izibonelo zama-surfactants anjalo zifaka u-1 (. 9 'aminoethyl). 2. Ishumi nesikhombisa le-alkyl imidazoline carboxylic acid derivatives. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili ama-cationic kanye nama-amphoteric surfactants anezindawo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-bactericidal, ezingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo iphepha ekukhunjini.

Ama-surfactants e-Organosilicon ayingxenye yama-surfactants akhethekile, kanti usawoti we-cationic organosilicon quaternary ammonium asetshenziswa kakhulu njengezithambisa. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokuthambisa, njenge-stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene lanolin, wax emulsified, njll.

I-Softener yokwenza iphepha

Ukuthamba kusho ikhono lama-surfactants okwenza amaqembu e-hydrophobic ngaphezulu kwamafayibha futhi awakhangise abheke emuva, ehlisa ama-coefficients aguquguqukayo namile wokungqubuzana wento yefayibha, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukuzwa okubushelelezi nokuthambile. Uviniga we-Sulfuric acid, uwoyela we-castor oyi-sulfonated, nezinye izisetshenziswa ze-anionic zibonisa umphumela wokuthambisa lapho zikhangiswa phezu kwemicu.

Amaqembu e-cationic kuma-cationic surfactants angakwazi ukuhlangana ngokuqondile nemicu ekhokhiswa kabi, kuyilapho amaqembu e-hydrophobic enza izindawo ezingaphansi kwamandla ngaphandle kwemicu, okuholela ekuguquguqukeni okuhle ngokukhethekile. I-fatty acid bisamide epichlorohydrin isetshenziswa kakhulu ephepheni elinezidingo eziguquguqukayo eziphezulu, njengephepha lasendlini yangasese, iphepha lokushwabana, ama napkin ehlanzekile, amaduku, ama-napkin, njll.

Ama-surfactants e-bipolar ionic anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Amaqembu abo e-cationic angakha isibopho ngemicu, kuyilapho amaqembu abo e-anionic angabopha ngemicu ngokusebenzisa i-polyelectrolytes noma i-aluminium ion ku-pulp. Angase futhi abangele amaqembu e-hydrophobic ukuthi aqondanise ngaphandle, anciphise kakhulu amandla angaphezulu. Izibonelo zama-surfactants anjalo zifaka u-1 (. 9 'aminoethyl). 2. Ishumi nesikhombisa le-alkyl imidazoline carboxylic acid derivatives. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili ama-cationic kanye nama-amphoteric surfactants anezindawo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-bactericidal, ezingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo iphepha ekukhunjini.

Ama-surfactants e-Organosilicon ayingxenye yama-surfactants akhethekile, kanti usawoti we-cationic organosilicon quaternary ammonium asetshenziswa kakhulu njengezithambisa.

Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokuthambisa, njenge-stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester, polyoxyethylene lanolin, wax emulsified, njll.

I-ejenti ye-Antistatic

Ekukhiqizeni iphepha elicutshunguliwe elikhethekile, ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga eziphikisana ne-static zingase zihlangane. Ukusebenzisa ama-surfactants ukwelapha uketshezi kungaveza indawo engaphandle ene-hydrophilic. Okusho ukuthi, njenge-ejenti ye-anti-static, i-surfactant yenza i-adsorption enhle ebusweni bento, yakha iqembu le-hydrophobic endaweni ebonakalayo. Amaqembu e-Hydrophilic adlulela emkhathini, akhulise ukuhanjiswa kwe-ion kanye nokumuncwa komswakama wemicu, okuholela ekuphumeni kwezinto kanye nokuncipha kokumelana nendawo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukunqwabelana kukagesi omile. Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa njengama-anti-static agents anamaqembu amakhulu e-hydrophobic namaqembu aqinile we-hydrophilic. Ama-cationic surfactants anokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kakhulu nokusebenza kahle kakhulu, kulandelwa ama-amphoteric surfactants.

I-fiber dispersant

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-fiber dispersants ukunciphisa i-fiber flocculation futhi uthuthukise ukwakheka kwephepha. Ama-fiber dispersants angakha isakhiwo se-bilayer ebusweni bemicu. I-polar end ye-disperant yangaphandle inokuhambisana okuqinile namanzi, okwandisa izinga lokumanziswa kwamanzi futhi ixosha ugesi omile ukuze kutholakale ukuhlakazeka. Ama-fiber dispersants asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisa i-partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PAM), i-polyethylene oxide (PlEO), njll. I-PEO ine-viscosity ephezulu, ukunyibilika okuhle kwamanzi, kanye nokuthambisa okuhle. Ukwengeza ngaphansi kuka-0.05% ephepheni lasendlini yangasese elisezingeni eliphezulu kungazuza umphumela omuhle wokuhlakazeka.

Ukusetshenziswa kokulinganisa kwendawo kanye nokunamathela ekwenzeni iphepha

Ukulinganisa okungaphezulu nokwemboza kokubili kuhilela ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ebusweni bephepha, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zalo ezingaphezulu, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwalo kokuphrinta, kanye nobuqotho buphelele. Kodwa kunomehluko omningi phakathi kwalokhu okubili, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ukunamathiswa kwendawo kuvame ukusebenzisa izinto zokunamathisela, kuyilapho ukunamathela kusebenzisa kokubili okunamathelisa kanye nemibala; I-adhesive esetshenziselwa ukumboza phezulu igxiliwe ephepheni, kuyilapho i-pigment esetshenzisiwe isetshenziswa ebusweni bephepha.

Ama-surfactants osayizi ongaphezulu

Ngokusho kwempahla, ingahlukaniswa ngemikhiqizo yemvelo neshintshiwe kanye nemikhiqizo yokwenziwa; Ngokwempahla ye-ionic, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ze-anionic, ze-cationic nezingezona i-ionic; ngokwefomu lomkhiqizo, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwesixazululo esinamanzi kanye nohlobo loloshini. Izinamatheliso zangaphezulu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zinamaqembu e-hydrophobic kanye ne-hydrophilic, ngakho-ke ngobubanzi, wonke angama-surfactants. Ama-ejenti amakhulu wokulinganisa indawo afaka isitashi esilungisiwe, i-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), ne-polyacrylamide (PAM). Ama-ejenti okulinganisa ahlukene angakhethwa kuye ngezidingo ezahlukene. Isibonelo: ① Ukuthuthukisa ukumelana namanzi, i-AKD, i-rosin ehlakaziwe, upharafini, i-chromium chloride stearate, i-styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, kanye nenye i-latex ye-resin yokwenziwa ingasetshenziswa; ② Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nowoyela, izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezine-fluorinated ezifana ne-perfluoroalkyl acrylate copolymers, i-perfluorooctanoic acid chromium complexes, i-perfluoroalkyl phosphates, njll. ④ Thuthukisa ukusebenza kokuphrinta, ikakhulukazi usebenzisa isitashi esilungisiwe, i-CMC, i-PVA, njll. Thuthukisa amandla omile namanzi ngokungeza isitashi esilungisiwe se-PAM, njll. Ukuze uthuthukise ukucwebezela kokuphrinta, i-CMC, i-sodium alginate, nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela wokulinganisa indawo, kuvamile ukusebenzisa ama-ejenti okulinganisa amabili noma ngaphezulu ndawonye, ​​futhi umphumela ubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukufaka ama-surfactants

Ukwakhiwa kwezingubo zokucubungula ukugqoka ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa izinto zokunamathisela, izingulube, nezinye izithasiselo. I-coating ngokwayo iyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi izidingo zephepha ezithile kanye nokwakheka kwefomula. Ama-surfactants adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezingubo zephepha, ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa izisabalalisi zokunamathela, ama-defoamers, izinto zokuthambisa, izivimbelakuvunda, ama-anti-static agents, kanye ne-synthetic latex.

I-Coating dispersant: Isengezo esibaluleke kakhulu emigqeni, iningi lazo okungama-surfactants. Ukusebenza kwawo ① ukunikeza izinhlayiya ze-pigment ngamashaji, okuzenza zikhiqize amandla anyanyekayo; ② Ukumboza ubuso bezinhlayiya ze-pigment, kusebenza njenge-colloid evikelayo; ③ Yakha isimo se-viscosity ephezulu ezungeze izinhlayiya ukuvimbela izinhlayiya eziningi ukuthi zingahlangani. Izisabalalisi zakuqala ezazisetshenziswa kwakuyi-phosphates, i-polysilicates, i-diammonium hydrogen phosphate, umkhiqizo wokujiya we-benzenesulfonic acid ne-formaldehyde, i-casein, i-resin yesi-Arabhu, njll. I-sodium hexametaphosphate, i-sodium pyrophosphate, ne-sodium tetraphosphate kuvame ukusetshenziswa izisabalalisi embotsheni yokuqukethwe okuqinile okuphansi. Ezimbotsheni zokuqukethwe okuqinile okuphezulu, ama-organic dispersants anesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu njengesixazululo se-sodium polyacrylate, i-sodium polymethacrylate kanye nokuphuma kwayo, isixazululo se-disodium sikasawoti we-diisobutylene maleic anhydride copolymer, kanye ne-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether kanye ne-fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether zivame ukusetshenziswa.

I-Defoamer: i-foam ivame ukukhiqizwa ohlelweni lokulungiselela ukugqoka nokugqoka, futhi i-defoamer idinga ukungezwa. Kukhona ikakhulukazi utshwala obuphezulu, i-fatty acid esters, i-tributyl phosphate, i-tripropyl phosphate, njll.

I-Lubricant: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe uketshezi kanye nokuthambisa kwezingubo zephepha, kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela, ukunikeza okunamathelayo kwephepha ukushelela nokucwebezela, ukwandisa ipulasitiki, ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphrinta kwephepha elinamekwe, izinto zokugcoba zingangezwa. Izithambisi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje yizinsipho zensimbi ezincibilika emanzini ezimelelwa i-calcium stearate, kanye nezithambisi ezincibilika emanzini ze-sodium stearate nazo zinomthelela omkhulu. Ama-hydrocarbon kapharafini kanye nama-fatty acid amine angasetshenziswa njengamafutha.

Izilondolozi: Ezinye izinto zokunamathela zemvelo zijwayele ukuwohloka nokukhula kwesikhunta, ngakho-ke ama-anti-corrosion spines kufanele afakwe embotsheni yephepha. Ama-quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants, ama-cyclic compounds e-fluorinated, i-organic bromine ne-sulfur compounds, i-N - (2-benzimidazolyl) carbamate (carbendazim), njll. asetshenziswe kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwephepha.

I-agent ye-Antistatic: Ngokwengeza i-octadecyltrimethylammonium fluoride, i-polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, i-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, i-polystyrene sulfonate, njll.

I-latex yokwenziwa: I-latex yokwenziwa iyinto ebalulekile yokunamathela. Enqubweni yokulungiselela i-latex yokwenziwa, ama-surfactants adlala indima ebalulekile njengama-emulsifiers, ama-disperants, ama-stabilizers, njll.
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