I-Demulsifier
| Njengoba ezinye izinto eziqinile zingancibiliki emanzini, lapho okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zinto eziqinile zikhona ngobuningi kwisisombululo esinamanzi, zingaba khona emanzini esimweni se-emulsified ngaphansi kokugqugquzelwa ngama-hydraulic noma amandla angaphandle, okwenza i-emulsion. Ngokombono, lolu hlelo aluzinzile, kodwa uma kukhona ukutholakala kwamanye ama-surfactants (izinhlayiya zenhlabathi, njll.), kuzokwenza isimo se-emulsification sibe sibi kakhulu, ngisho nezigaba ezimbili kunzima ukuzihlukanisa, okujwayelekile kakhulu ingxube yamanzi kawoyela. ekuhlukaniseni uwoyela-amanzi kanye nengxube yamanzi-amafutha ekuhlanzeni indle, lezi zigaba ezimbili zakha isakhiwo esizinzile samafutha emanzini noma emanzini, isisekelo se-theory "isakhiwo sesendlalelo sikagesi esiphindwe kabili". Kulokhu, amanye ama-ejenti afakwa ukuze aphazamise ukwakheka kwebilayer kagesi ezinzile kanye nokusimamisa uhlelo lwe-emulsification ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba ezimbili. Lawa ma-ejenti asetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuphazanyiswa kwe-emulsification abizwa ngokuthi ama-emulsion breakers. |
Izicelo Eziyinhloko
| I-Demulsifier iyinto ye-surfactant, engenza ukubhujiswa kwesakhiwo se-emulsion-like liquid, ukuze kufezwe injongo ye-emulsion ekuhlukaniseni izigaba ezihlukahlukene. I-deemulsification kawoyela ongahluziwe ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni komphumela wamakhemikhali we-emulsion breaking agent ukushiya uwoyela namanzi engxubeni ye-emulsified oil-water ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kawoyela ongahluziwe, ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokuqukethwe kwamanzi kawoyela ongahluziwe kwangaphandle. ukudluliswa. Ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kwezigaba eziphilayo nezamanzi, enye yezindlela ezilula futhi eziphumelela kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-demulsifier ukuze kuqedwe i-emulsification ukuze kwakhiwe isikhombimsebenzisi se-emulsified esinamandla athile ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, i-demulsifier ehlukile inekhono elihlukile lokuphulwa kwe-emulsion lesigaba sezinto eziphilayo, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngokuqondile umphumela wokuhlukanisa wezigaba ezimbili. Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-penicillin, inqubo ebalulekile ukukhipha i-penicillin kumhluzi we-penicillin fermentation ngezincibilikisi eziphilayo (njenge-butyl acetate). Njengoba umhluzi wokuvutshelwa uqukethe ama-protein, ushukela, i-mycelium, njll., ukuxhumana phakathi kwezigaba ze-organic kanye ne-aqueous akucaci ngesikhathi sokukhipha, futhi indawo ye-emulsification inamandla athile, okunomthelela omkhulu ekuvuneni kwemikhiqizo eqediwe. |
I-Common Demulsifier - Okulandelayo i-demulsifier engeyona i-ionic evame ukusetshenziswa endaweni kawoyela.
I-Demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP
| Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-SP-type emulsion breaker yi-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene octadecyl ether, ifomula yesakhiwo sethiyori ithi R(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH, lapho: EO-polyoxyethylene; i-PO-polyoxypropylene; I-R-aliphatic utshwala; x, y, z-polymerization degree.I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP inokubukeka kokunamathisela okuphuzi okukhanyayo, inani le-HLB elingu-10~12, elincibilika emanzini. I-demulsifier engeyona i-ionic yohlobo lwe-SP inomphumela ongcono wokuqeda amandla kuwoyela ongahluziwe osuselwa kupharafini. Ingxenye yayo ye-hydrophobic iqukethe amaketanga e-carbon 12~18 hydrocarbon, futhi iqembu layo le-hydrophilic liyi-hydrophilic ngokusebenzisa isenzo samaqembu e-hydroxyl (-OH) kanye ne-ether (-O-) ku-molecule namanzi ukuze akhe i-hydrogen bond. Njengoba amaqembu e-hydroxyl ne-ether enama-hydrophilic abuthakathaka, iqembu elilodwa kuphela noma amabili e-hydroxyl noma i-ether ayikwazi ukudonsa iqembu le-hydrophobic le-carbon 12~18 hydrocarbon chain emanzini, kufanele kube neqembu elinjalo le-hydrophilic elingaphezu kwelilodwa ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuncibilika kwamanzi. Uma sikhulu isisindo samangqamuzana e-non-ionic demulsifier, uma iketango lamangqamuzana libe lide, liqukethe i-hydroxyl ne-ether eyengeziwe, amandla ayo okudonsa aba makhulu, namandla okuqeda amandla ama-emulsions kawoyela ongahluziwe. Esinye isizathu esenza ukuthi i-SP demulsifier ifanelekele uwoyela ongahluziwe osuselwe kupharafini ukuthi uwoyela ongahluziwe osuselwe kupharafini awunawo noma uncane kakhulu ushingamu ne-asphaltene, izinto ezikhipha i-lipophilic kancane kanye nokuminyana okuncane okuhlobene. Kuwoyela ongahluziwe onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-gum kanye ne-asphaltene (noma okuqukethwe kwamanzi angaphezu kuka-20%), ikhono lokuqeda amandla le-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP libuthakathaka ngenxa yesakhiwo sengqamuzana elilodwa, akukho sakhiwo seketango elinegatsha kanye nesakhiwo esiphunga elimnandi. |
I-Demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP
| I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP i-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether ene-polyethylene polyamine njengesiqalisi, isisetshenziswa esinamagatsha amaningi esingenayo i-nonionic enefomula yesakhiwo samangqamuzana: D(PO)x(EO)y(PO)zH, lapho: EO - polyoxyethylene; PO - polyoxypropylene; R - utshwala obunamafutha; D - i-polyethylene amine: x, y, z - degree of polymerization. I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP yohlobo lwe-AP yokususa uwoyela ongahluziwe esekwe kupharafini, umphumela ungcono kune-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP, ifaneleka kakhulu okuqukethwe kukawoyela ongahluziwe wamanzi angaphezu kuka-20% we-demulsifier kawoyela ongahluziwe, futhi ingafinyelela umphumela wokudiliza ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. izimo. Uma i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP ihlezi futhi ikhulula i-emulsion phakathi kuka-55~60℃ no-2h, isifinyezo sohlobo lwe-AP sidinga kuphela ukuxazulula futhi sinciphise i-emulsion phakathi kuka-45~50℃ no-1.5h. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zesakhiwo se-molecule ye-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP. Isiqalisi se-polyethylene polyamine sinquma uhlobo lwesakhiwo se-molecule: iketango lamangqamuzana lide futhi linamagatsha, futhi ikhono le-hydrophilic liphakeme kunalelo le-SP-type demulsifier enesakhiwo se-molecule eyodwa. Izici zeketango elinamagatsha amaningi zinquma ukuthi i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP inokumanzisa okuphezulu kanye nokungeneka, lapho i-demulsifier kawoyela ongahluziwe, ama-molecule e-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP angangena ngokushesha efilimini yesixhumi esibonakalayo samanzi, kunama-molecule e-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-SP yama-athomu aqondile. Ukuhlelwa kwefilimu ye-molecule eyodwa kuthatha indawo engaphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela umthamo omncane, umphumela wokuphulwa kwe-emulsion uyabonakala. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lwe-demulsifier luwumshini wokuwasha ongcono ongasebenzisi i-ionic osetshenziswa endaweni kawoyela yase-Daqing. |
I-Demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE
| I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE iyi-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyether ene-polyethylene polyamine njengesiqalisi, okuwuhlobo lwamagatsha amaningi lwe-nononic surfactant. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP, umehluko ukuthi i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE iyi-polymer enezigaba ezimbili enama-molecule amancane namaketango amafushane anamagatsha. Ifomula yesakhiwo samangqamuzana yile: D(PO)x(EO)yH, lapho: EO - i-polyoxyethylene: PO - i-polyoxypropylene: D - i-polyethylene polyamine; x, y - degree of polymerization. Yize izigaba zamangqamuzana ze-AE-type demulsifier kanye ne-AP-type demulsifier zihluke kakhulu, kodwa ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kuyafana, kuphela kumthamo we-monomer kanye nomehluko we-oda le-polymerization. (1) i-demulsifier emibili engeyona i-ionic ekwakhiweni kokuhlanganiswa, ikhanda nomsila wenani lempahla esetshenzisiwe ihlukile, okuholela ebudeni bama-molecule e-polymerization nawo ahlukene. (2) I-molecule ye-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP i-bipartite, ine-polyethylene polyamine njengesiqalisi, kanye ne-polyoxyethylene, i-polyoxypropylene polymerization ukuze yakhe ama-block copolymers: i-molecule ye-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE i-bipartite, ne-polyethylene polyamine njengesiqalisi, kanye ne-polyoxyethylene polymerization ye-format copolypropylethyle , ngakho-ke, idizayini ye-AP-type demulsifier molecule kufanele ibe yinde kune-AE-type demulsifier molecule. Uhlobo lwe-AE luwuhlobo lwezigaba ezimbili zamagatsha amaningi okususa uwoyela ongahluziwe, oluphinde lwajwayelaniswa nokukhishwa kwama-emulsions kawoyela ongahluziwe we-asphaltene. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-lipophilic surfactant kuwoyela ongahluziwe we-bituminous, amandla e-viscous anamandla, umehluko omncane phakathi kokuminyana kwamafutha namanzi, akulula ukuqeda i-emulsion. I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE isetshenziselwa ukususa i-emulsion ngokushesha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AE iyisinciphisi se-anti-wax viscosity esingcono. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwama-molecule enamagatsha amaningi, kulula kakhulu ukwenza amanethiwekhi amancane, ukuze amakristalu awodwa kapharafini asevele akhelwe kuwoyela ongahluziwe awele kula manethiwekhi, avimbe ukunyakaza kwamahhala kwamakristalu awodwa kapharafini futhi awakwazi ukuxhuma kulowo nalowo. okunye, ukwakha uhlaka lwenetha kapharafini, ukunciphisa i-viscosity nendawo yokuqandisa kawoyela ongahluziwe nokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwamakristalu e-wax, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe inhloso ye-anti-wax. |
I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AR
| I-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AR yenziwe nge-alkyl phenolic resin (AR resin) ne-polyoxyethylene, i-polyoxypropylene kanye nohlobo olusha lwe-non-ionic demulsifier encibilika kawoyela, inani le-HLB elingaba ngu-4 ~ 8, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokudambisa elingu-35 ~ 45 ℃. Ifomula yesakhiwo samangqamuzana ithi: AR(PO)x(EO)yH, lapho: EO-polyoxyethylene; i-PO-polyoxypropylene; I-AR-resin; x, y, z-degree of polymerization.Enqubweni yokuhlanganisa i-demulsifier, i-AR resin isebenza njengesiqalisi futhi ingena ku-molecule ye-demulsifier ukuze ibe iqembu le-lipophilic. Izici ze-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AR yilezi: i-molecule ayinkulu, esimweni sokuqiniswa kukawoyela ongahluziwe ngaphezu kuka-5 ℃ inokuncibilika okuhle, ukusabalalisa, umphumela wokungena, ukugeleza kwamaconsi amanzi afakwe emulsified, ukuhlangana. Ingasusa amanzi angaphezu kuka-80 % kuwoyela ongahluziwe ngamanzi aphakathi kuka-50 % ~ 70 % ngaphansi kuka-45 ℃ kanye nemizuzu engu-45 ukuze isuse ngaphezu kuka-80 % wamanzi kumafutha angcolile ngamanzi aphakathi kuka-50 % kuya ku-70 %, okuyinto ayinakuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwe-SP kanye ne-demulsifier yohlobo lwe-AP. |
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-22-2022