Isigebengu
| Njengoba amanye ama-solids engawonakalisiwe emanzini, lapho eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zilidi zikhona ngobuningi esikhaleni esinamanzi, zingaba khona emanzini esimweni esiveziwe ngaphansi komoya oshukumisayo ngaphansi kwamandla we-hydraulic noma angaphandle, akha i-emulsal. Ngokweqiniso lolu hlelo lungazinzile, kepha uma kukhona ukuba khona kwama-surficacters (izinhlayiya zenhlabathi, njll. Isakhiwo ". Kulokhu, amanye ama-ejenti afakwa ukuze aphazamise isakhiwo se-bilayer esizinzile sikagesi kanye nokuzinza uhlelo lwe-emulsation ukuze kufezeke ukwahlukana kwezigaba ezimbili. Lawa ma-ejenti asetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuphazamiseka kwama-emulsation abizwa ngokuthi ama-emulsion breakers. |
Izicelo eziphambili
| I-Demishinier iyinto evikelekile, engenza i-emulsion efana nokubhujiswa koketshezi, ukuze kufinyelelwe inhloso ye-emulsion ekuhlukaniseni izigaba ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhlanzeka uwoyela ongahluziwe kusho ukusetshenziswa komphumela wamakhemikhali we-Emulsion Breaking Agent ukushiya uwoyela namanzi emhloni wamanzi we-emulsofied Amanzi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokuqukethwe kwamanzi okungaphandle. Ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo kwezigaba ze-organic nezenzile, enye yezindlela ezilula nezisebenzayo ukusebenzisa i-demififier ukuqeda i-emulsation ukwakha amandla athile okuthola ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, i-demilfier ehlukile inekhono elihlukile le-emulsion lephula umthetho wesigaba se-organic, futhi ukusebenza kwalo kuthinta ngqo umphumela wokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba ezimbili. Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-penicillin, inqubo ebalulekile ukukhipha i-penicillin kumhluzi we-penicillin formentation nge-organic solvents (njenge-butyl acetate). Njengoba umhluzi wokuvutshelwa uqukethe izakhiwo zamaprotheni, i-tugar, i-mycelium, njll. |
I-Demifier ejwayelekile - Lokhu okulandelayo yi-Main non-ionic dencifier esetshenziswa kakhulu e-Oilfield.
I-sp-hlobo demifier
| Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-Emulsion Breaker ye-SPYXYETYLEne Polyoxypropylene OctodEcyl Ether, ifomula yezemibono yezemibhalo ingu-R (eo) y (eo-polyoxyethyenenene; Po-polyoxypropylene; R-aliphatic Alcohol; x, y, degree z-polymerization degree.I-SP-Type Demilsurier inokuvela kokukhanya okuphuzi okuphuzi, inani le-HLB le-10 ~ 12, lincibilika emanzini. I-SP-Type non-ionic demiphuer inethonya elingcono kakhulu lokuncipha kumapharafini asuselwa kuphalafini. Ingxenye yayo ye-hydrophobic iqukethe i-carbon 12 ~ 18 amaketanga ama-hydrocarbon, kanye neqembu lawo le-hydrocarbon, neqembu lalo le-hydrophilic liyi-hydrophilic ngesenzo se-hydroxyl (-oh) namaqembu ku-molecule namanzi ukwakha ama-hydrogen bond. Njengoba amaqembu e-hydroxyl kanye ne-ether enza buthaka i-hydrophilic, munye kuphela noma ama-hydroxyl noma ama-ether amabili awakwazi ukudonsa iqembu le-hydrophobic le-carbobhoni elingamanzi, kufanele kube ngaphezu kweyodwa le-hydrophilic ukuze kufinyelelwe inhloso ye-soubilic yamanzi. Isisindo esikhulu se-molecular of the non-ionic demiifier, isikhathi eside i-molecular chain, ama-hydroxyl kanye ne-ether amaqembu aqukethe, amandla amakhulu okudonsa, amandla aqine amathuba ama-crude emulsions. Esinye isizathu esenza ukuthi i-SP Demifier ilungele uwoyela we-paraffin-based crude ukuthi uwoyela osuselwa kuphalafini aqukethe i-cha noma i-gum encane kakhulu ne-asphaltene, izinto ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-lipophilic. Kumafutha aluhlaza anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-gum kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-asphaltene (noma okuqukethwe kwamanzi kukhulu kune-20%), amandla abusayo we-sp-demifier demifier abuthakathaka ngenxa yesakhiwo esisodwa samangqamuzana, ayikho isakhiwo se-brangan. |
I-ap-hlobo demifier
| I-ap-Type demishinier yi-polyoxyethylelene polyroxyplenene ne-polyethylene polyamine njengoMnanini, uhlobo lwegatsha oluningi ngefomula yesakhiwo: D (PO) X (eO) y (eo) zh, lapho: e-polyoxyethylene; Po - polyoxypropylene; R - uphuzo olunamafutha; D - Polyethylene Amenine: x, y, z - degree of polymerization. I-ap-Type yesakhiwo demified for paraffin-based crude kawoyela desalsation, umphumela ungcono kune-demifier ye-SP-Type demiphu, kufanelekile kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwamafutha kawoyela angaphezulu kwama-20% we-crungufle fire demifier, futhi angafinyelela umphumela osheshayo wokushisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi. Uma i-sp-hlobo demifier ixazululwa futhi idumaze i-emulsion kungakapheli ama-55 ~ 60 ℃ no-2h, i-ap-hlobo demiphuer kuphela idinga ukuxazulula futhi idumise i-emulsion ngaphakathi kwama-45 ~ 50 ℃ no-1.5h. Lokhu kungenxa yezimpawu ezihlelekile ze-ap-hlobo demififier molecule. I-Initiator Polyethylene Polyamine inquma ifomu lesakhiwo se-molecule: I-molecular chain in yinde futhi ifakwe ama-hydrophilic, futhi amandla we-hydrophilic aphakeme kunaleso sesakhiwo esisodwa se-sp. Izici zeketanga elinama-multi-branched inquma i-ap-hlobo dencisifier linokukhula okuphezulu nokuvumelanisa, lapho ama-molecule e-deculsifier ancishisiwe angena ngokushesha efolecule yefilimu eyodwa, ngaleyo ndlela umthamo omncane, umphumela we-Emulsion Breaking asobala. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lwe-demifier yiyona engcono engekho demiifier esetshenzisiwe eDaqing Oilfield. |
I-AE-Type demifier
| I-AE-Type Demiphuifier iyi-polyoxyethylene polyoxylorylene ene-polyethylene polyamine njengoMunisa, okuwuhlobo lwegatsha oluningi lwe-survitont eqinile. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ap-Type demiphuer, umehluko ukuthi i-demifier yohlobo lwe-ae-hlobo i-polymer esiteji esimbili enama-molecule amancane namaketanga amafushane anezinhlamvu ezimfushane. Ifomula yesakhiwo samangqamukayo yile: D (PO) X (EO) yh, lapho: EO - Polyoxypropylene: D - Polyoxypropylene: D - Polyethylene Polyamine; X, y - degree of polymerization. Yize izigaba zamangqamuzana ze-ae-hlobo demifier kanye ne-ap-demivifier zihluke kakhulu, kepha ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kuyafana, kuphela kuma-monomer dosage kanye ne-polymerization oda umehluko. . . Ukuze wakhe ama-copolymers amabili, ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwe-molecule ye-ap-Type demiphule kufanele kube isikhathi eside kune-molecule ye-ae-hlobo demifia. Uhlobo lwe-AE-stag lwegatsha elineziteji eziningi ze-crude kawoyela demifier, okubuye kuvumelaniswe ne-densalteration of asphaltene crude emulsions. Lapho okuqukethwe okuqukethwe yi-lipophilic exUMACTIC ngamafutha ama-rudinous emafutheni angu-cruminous, amandla ama-viscous, ancipha umehluko phakathi kokuqina kwamafutha kanye namanzi, akulula ukulimaza i-emulsion. I-demifier yohlobo lwe-AE-Type isetshenziselwa ukulimaza i-emulsion ngokushesha, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, i-ae-Type demiphuer iyindlela engcono yokulwa ne-wax yokuvuselela. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esinama-molekyuli ahlukahlukene, kulula kakhulu ukwakha amanethiwekhi amancane, ukuze amakristalu athile kapharafini asevele awela kuwo amakharafini, anciphise i-viscosity yamafutha angahlanzekile futhi avimbele ukuhlanganiswa kwamakristalu e-wax, ngaleyo ndlela athole injongo ye anti-wax. |
I-Ar-Type Demifier
| I-AR-Type Demilsifier yenziwe nge-Alkyl Phenolic Resin (AR Resin) kanye ne-polyoxyethylenene, i-polyoxypropylene, uhlobo olusha lwamanani angenawo ama-nonic acishe abe ngu-4 ~ 8, amazinga okushisa aphansi we-35 ~ 45 ℃. Ifomula yesakhiwo samangqamuzo yile: AR (PO) X (EO) YH, LAPHO: EO-POLYOXYETYLELE; Po-polyoxypropylene; I-ar-resin; X, y, z-degree of polymerization.Enqubweni yokuvumelanisa desifier, i-AR Resin isebenza njengobuqatha futhi ingena molecule of demifier ukuze ibe yi-lipophilic group. Izici ze-AR-Type Demilsifier yilezi: I-molecule ayiyizinkulu, endabeni ye-crude kawoyela ukuqina kwamaphuzu ephakeme kune-5 ℃ inokuchithwa okuhle, ukuphazamiseka komphumela, amaconsi wamanzi ashubile. Kungasusa okungaphezulu kwama-80% amanzi avela kumafutha aluhlaza anokuqukethwe kwamanzi okungu-50% ~ 70% ngaphansi kwama-80% angu-80% angu-70%, okuyinto engenakuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwe-sp kanye ne-ap-demifier. |
Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-22-2022