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Isingeniso kuma-Surfactants
Ama-surfactants anesakhiwo se-amphiphilic molecular: umkhawulo owodwa uqukethe iqembu le-hydrophilic, elibizwa ngokuthi ikhanda le-hydrophilic, kanti elinye liqukethe iqembu le-hydrophobic, elaziwa ngokuthi umsila we-hydrophobic. Ikhanda le-hydrophilic livumela ama-surfactants ukuthi ancibilike emanzini ngendlela yawo ye-monomer.
Iqembu le-hydrophilic livame ukuba yiqembu le-polar, elingase libe yiqembu le-carboxyl (-COOH), iqembu le-sulfonic acid (-SO3H), iqembu le-amino (-NH2), ama-amine kanye nosawoti wawo, amaqembu e-hydroxyl (-OH), amaqembu ama-amide, noma ukuxhumana kwe-ether (-O-) njengezinye izibonelo zamaqembu e-polar hydrophilic.
Iqembu le-hydrophobic ngokuvamile iketango le-hydrocarbon elingelona i-polar, njengamaketanga e-hydrophobic alkyl (R-ye-alkyl) noma amaqembu anephunga elimnandi (Ar- for aryl).
Ama-surfactants angahlukaniswa ngama-ionic surfactants (okuhlanganisa ama-cationic and anionic surfactants), ama-non-ionic surfactants, ama-amphoteric surfactants, ama-surfactants axubile, nabanye. Ezixazululweni ze-surfactant, lapho ukugxiliswa kwe-surfactant kufinyelela inani elithile, ama-molecule e-surfactant azokwakha ama-aggregate ahlelekile ahlukahlukene aziwa ngokuthi ama-micelles. Inqubo ye-micellization, noma ukwakheka kwe-micelle, iyisisekelo esibalulekile sezixazululo ze-surfactant, njengoba izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezihlangana kobuso zihlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwama-micelles.
Ukugxila lapho ama-surfactants akha ama-micelles esixazululweni kubizwa ngokuthi i-Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Ama-Micelles awashintshi, izakhiwo eziyindilinga; kunalokho, abonisa ukungahambi kahle ngokwedlulele kanye nezinguquko zomumo oguquguqukayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ama-surfactants angase abonise izifunda ezihlehlayo ze-micelle.
Izinto Ezithinta i-CMC:
- Isakhiwo se-surfactant
- Uhlobo kanye nokuba khona izithasiselo
- Izinga lokushisa
Ukusebenzisana Phakathi Kwama-Surfactants kanye Namaprotheni
Amaprotheni aqukethe ama-non-polar, polar, namaqembu akhokhiswayo, futhi ama-amphiphilic molecules amaningi angasebenzisana namaprotheni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngezimo, ama-surfactants angenza ama-molecule ahlanganisiwe anezakhiwo ezahlukene, njengama-micelles noma ama-reverse micelles, asebenzisana ngokuhlukile namaprotheni.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaphrotheni nama-surfactants (I-Protein-Surfactant, PS) ikakhulukazi kuhilela ukusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-hydrophobic. Ama-Ionic surfactants asebenzisana namaprotheni ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa amandla e-electrostatic eqembu le-polar kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-hydrophobic kwe-aliphatic carbon chain, okubophezela ezifundeni ze-polar kanye ne-hydrophobic zeprotheni, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka izakhiwo ze-PS.
Ama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic ngokuyinhloko asebenzisana namaprotheni ngokusebenzisa amandla e-hydrophobic, lapho amaketanga e-hydrophobic ehlangana nezifunda ze-hydrophobic zamaprotheni. Ukusebenzisana kungaba nomthelela kokubili ukwakheka nokusebenza kwe-surfactant kanye nephrotheni. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo nokugxiliswa kwama-surfactants, kanye nomxholo wemvelo, kunquma ukuthi ama-surfactants ayazinzisa noma awanzinzi amaprotheni, kanye nokuthi akhuthaza ukuhlanganisa noma ukuhlakazeka.
I-HLB Inani Lama-Surfactants
Ukuze i-surfactant ibonise umsebenzi wayo ohlukile wokuhlangana kobuso, kufanele ilinganisele izakhi ze-hydrophobic kanye ne-hydrophilic. I-HLB (Ibhalansi ye-Hydrophile-Lipophile) iyisilinganiso sebhalansi ye-hydrophilic-lipophilic yama-surfactants futhi isebenza njengenkomba yezakhiwo zama-surfactants' hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
Inani le-HLB linani elihlobene (elisuka ku-0 kuye ku-40). Ngokwesibonelo, upharafini unenani le-HLB elingu-0 (ayikho ingxenye ye-hydrophilic), i-polyethylene glycol inenani le-HLB elingu-20, futhi i-SDS enamanzi kakhulu (i-sodium dodecyl sulfate) inenani le-HLB elingu-40. Inani le-HLB lingasebenza njengereferensi eyisiqondiso lapho kukhethwa ama-surfactants. Inani eliphakeme le-HLB libonisa i-hydrophilicity engcono, kuyilapho inani eliphansi le-HLB liphakamisa ubumpofu be-hydrophilicity.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-10-2024