Imikhiqizo yethu eyinhloko: I-Amino abicah, i-block abicane, i-hydrophilic abicone, yonke i-silicone emulser, i-carbor 6, i-carbor 6), imininingwane ye-mangen +), imininingwane engaphezulu
Isingeniso kuma-Surfactants
Ama-Surfactants anesakhiwo samangqamuzana we-amphiphilic: I-One End iqukethe iqembu le-hydrophilic, okubizwa ngokuthi yikhanda le-hydrophilic, kanti elinye ukuphela liqukethe iqembu le-hydrophobic, elaziwa ngokuthi umsila we-hydrophobic. Ikhanda le-hydrophilic livumela ama-surfactants ukuthi ancibilike emanzini ngendlela yawo ye-monomer.
Iqembu le-hydrophilic livame ukuba yiqembu le-polar, elingaba yiqembu le-carboxyl (-Cooh), iqembu le-abino (-NO3H), amaqembu alo, noma amaqembu e-ether (noma amaqembu e-ether (noma amaqembu e-ether (noma amaqembu e-ether (noma amaqembu e-ether (noma) njengezinye izibonelo zamaqembu e-polar hydrophilic.
Iqembu le-hydrophobic ngokuvamile i-non-an-polar hydrocarbon chain, efana ne-hydrophobic chains chains (r- ye-alkyl) noma amaqembu amnandi (i-aryl).
Ama-surfactants angahlukaniswa abe yi-Ionic Surfactants (kufaka phakathi ama-catics kanye ne-anionic surffic), ama-deffic angewona ama-ionic, ama-amphoteric surficractants, ama-surfactants ahlanganisiwe, nabanye. Ezixazululweni ezisetshenziswayo, lapho ukugcwala kwe-surmistant kufinyelela inani elithile, ama-molecule athile azokwakha ama-adgregates ahlukahlukene abizwa ngokuthi yiMicelles. Inqubo ye-micellization, noma ukwakheka kwe-micelle, iyindawo ebalulekile eyisisekelo yezixazululo ezisetshenziswayo, izinto eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuxhumana zihambisana nokwakhiwa kweMicelles.
Ukuhlushwa lapho ama-surfactants afowa khona ama-michelles kusixazululo kubhekiselwa kuwo njengohlu lokuhlushwa olubucayi lwe-micelle (CMC). IMicelles ayimisiwe, izakhiwo eziyindilinga; Esikhundleni salokho, zibonisa ukungahambisani ngokweqile kanye nezinguquko ezinamandla. Ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile, ama-surfactants angabukhombisa futhi abonise izizwe zeMicelle.
Izici ezithonya i-CMC:
- Ukwakheka kwe-Surfactant
- Uhlobo nokuba khona kwezithasiselo
- Ukushisa
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-surfactants namaprotheni
Amaprotheni aqukethe i-non-polar, i-polar, namaqembu akhokhisiwe, futhi ama-molecule amaningi we-aphphiphilic angaxhumana namaprotheni ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngemibandela, ama-surfactants angakha ama-aggregate ahlelekile anezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, njengeMicelles noma ama-Reverse Micelles, asebenzisana ngokuhlukile ngamaprotheni.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaprotheni kanye nama-surfactants (amaprotheni-surfactant, i-PS) ngokuyinhloko kubandakanya ukusebenzisana kwama-elektrostiki kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-hydrophobic. I-Ionic Surfactants Hlangana namaprotheni ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa amabutho we-electrostatic e-Polar Group kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-hydrophobic kwe-aliphatic carbon chain, kubopha izifunda ze-polar kanye ne-hydrophobic zamaprotheni, ngaleyo ndlela akha izakhiwo ze-PS.
Ama-surfactants okungewona ama-ionic axhumana ngokuyinhloko namaprotheni ngamabutho ama-hydrophobic, lapho amaketanga we-hydrophobic ahlangana nezifunda zamaprotheni amaprotheni. Ukuxhumana kungathonya zombili ukwakheka nokusebenza kwe-survin kanye namaprotheni. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo kanye nokuhlushwa kwama-surficatunts, kanye nomongo wezemvelo, bonisa ukuthi ama-surfactants amisa noma ahlele amaprotheni, nokuthi ngabe akhuthaza ukuhlanganisa noma ukuhlakazeka.
Inani le-HLB lama-surfactants
Ukuze uthole i-surfactant ukukhombisa umsebenzi wayo oyingqayizivele wokuxhumana, kufanele ulinganise izingxenye ze-hydrophobic ne-hydrophilic. I-HLB (i-Hydrophile-LiPophile Balance) isilinganiso sebhalansi ye-hydrophilic-lipophilic ye-surffilic-lipophilic ye-surffactants futhi isebenza njengenkomba yezakhiwo ze-surdrophilic kanye ne-hydrophobic ne-hydrophobic.
Inani le-HLB inani elilinganayo (elisukela ku-0 libe ku-40). Isibonelo, uphalafini unenani le-HLB le-0 (akukho ngxenye ye-hydrophilic), i-polyethylene glycol inenani le-HLB le-20, futhi i-hlby dodecyl sulfate) inenani eliphakeme le-40. Inani eliphakeme le-HLB libonisa i-hydrophicility engcono, ngenkathi inani eliphansi le-HLB libonisa i-hydrophicility empofu.
Isikhathi sePosi: Sep-10-2024