Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokuhlanza nezimonyo, ama-surfactants abuye asetshenziswe njengama-adjuvants noma izithasiselo ezimbonini zendabuko ezifana nokudla, ubisi, ukwenza iphepha, isikhumba, ingilazi, uphethiloli, imicu yamakhemikhali, izindwangu, ukuphrinta nokudaya, ukudweba, imithi yemithi, ukucubungula ifilimu, ukucubungula insimbi, ukucubungula insimbi, ukucubungula insimbi, ukucubungula insimbi, i-electromagnetic ukuhlanza, ukwakhiwa, kanye nezinkambu zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Nakuba ngokuvamile zingezona izinsika zomkhiqizo wezimboni, zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekwengezeni isiphetho sokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungekukhulu, kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni ukuhlukahluka komkhiqizo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, ukonga amandla, kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi.

 

1. Ukusetshenziswa kweAma-surfactantsEmkhakheni Wezindwangu

Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yendwangu. Ezinyathelweni ezihlukene zokucubungula izindwangu njengokuphotha, ukuphotha, usayizi, ukuluka noma ukunitha, ukucwengisiswa (ukwenza umbala ube mhlophe), ukudaya, ukuphrinta, nokuqeda, ama-surfactants noma ama-surfactants njengezithasiselo eziyinhloko kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukwenza lula izinqubo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo,ama-surfactantsasetshenziswa njengezihlanzi, izinto zokumanzisa, ama-ejenti angena ngaphakathi, ama-emulsifiers, ama-solubilizer, ama-foam, ama-defoamers, ama-smoeting agents, ama-dispersants, ama-leveling, ama-retarders okudaya, ama-fixing, ama-ejenti okucwenga, izithambisa, ama-anti-static agents, ama-ejenti angangenisi amanzi, izibulala-magciwane, njll. Nakuba isilinganiso sabo sokusebenzisa siye sehla kancane kancane eminyakeni yamuva, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kusekukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imikhakha yezimboni. Asetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-solubilizer, okokuhlanza, okokumanzisa, okusabalalisa, ama-emulsifiers, ama-level agents, ama-ejenti wokucwenga, izithambisa, ama-anti-static agents, njll. Ama-Anionic surfactants asetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-detergents, ama-penetrants, e-wetting agents, ama-emulsifiers, nama-disperpers kuma-surfactants e-ionic; Ama-Cationic surfactants, angakhangiswa ngokuqinile ezindwangu ngenxa yokushajwa okungekuhle kwamafayibha, avame ukusetshenziswa njengezithambisi zendwangu, ama-level agent, ama-ejenti angangenisi amanzi, ama-anti-static agents, nama-ejenti alungisa imibala; Ama-bipolar surfactants ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengama-ejenti okulinganisa odayi abayinkimbinkimbi bensimbi, izithambisa zendwangu, nama-anti-static agents.

 

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Surfactants embonini yesikhumba neyoboya

Inqubo yokwenza isikhumba iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyakhathaza, idinga izinyathelo eziningi ukusuka esikhumbeni esingenalutho ukuya esikhumbeni esiphelile. Ngaphambi kokushuka, umsebenzi wokulungiselela njengokucwiliswa emanzini, ukucwiliswa komlotha, ukuthambisa i-enzymatic, ukucwiliswa kwe-asidi, ukukhishwa kwe-acidification, kanye nokunciphisa amafutha kufanele kwenziwe; Ngemuva kokushuka, ukudaya, ukukhuluphala, nokuqedwa nakho kuyadingeka. Zonke lezi zinqubo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants njengezithasiselo zokuthuthukisa imiphumela ye-physicochemical nezinqubo zenqubo ngayinye, ukunciphisa imijikelezo yokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesikhumba, nokulondoloza izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali.

Ukucutshungulwa koboya nakho kudinga izinqubo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukucwiliswa emanzini, ukuhliswa, ukuthambisa, ukushuka, ukucwecwa, ukudaya, ukufutha, nokuqeda, konke okudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo njengezithasiselo. Ukwenziwa kwesikhumba kudinga ukususwa kwezinwele zezilwane, kuyilapho ukucubungula uboya kudinga ukulimala okuncane esakhiweni sokuqala sezinwele. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants kunganikeza isivikelo esihle.

Imisebenzi esemqoka yama-surfactants ekukhiqizweni kwesikhumba kanye nokucutshungulwa koboya i-solubilization, i-emulsification, ukumanzisa, ukungena emanzini, ukukhipha amagwebu, ukukhipha amagwebu, ukuwasha, ukubeka izinga kanye nokulungiswa kombala. Enqubweni ngayinye, izidingo zendima yayo zihlukile. Isibonelo, ekucwilisweni, kudingekile ikakhulukazi ukuthi kube nemiphumela yokumanzisa kanye ne-permeation; Ekunciphiseni amafutha, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nemiphumela yokufaka emulsifying, ukumanzisa, kanye nokungena; E-decontamination, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nomphumela omuhle we-solubilization; Kudingeka ukuthi kube nokusabalalisa okuhle, ukungena kanye nomphumela wegwebu ekudayeni; Enqubweni yokwengeza amafutha, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nezindawo ezinhle ze-emulsifying.

 

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants embonini yokuhlanganisa

Izembatho zibhekisela ezintweni zobunjiniyela ezingasetshenziswa ebusweni bento ukuze zenze i-coating enempahla yokuzivikela, yokuhlobisa, noma ekhethekile. Upende owaziwayo uwuhlobo lokumboza. Izembatho zinemisebenzi eminingi: ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, ifenisha yokhuni, imboni yansuku zonke, njll., izigqoko ezinemibala ekhanyayo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa, ezinganikeza izinto umuzwa wobuhle futhi zithuthukise ukubaluleka kwazo kwezohwebo; Ukumboza izinto zokwakha, ukhuni, insimbi, njll. ngezingubo zokuvikela, ukwandisa ukuqina, nokuvimbela ukugqwala; Upende usetshenziswa njengophawu lombala futhi ungasetshenziswa njengesignali yethrafikhi, uphawu lwezimpahla eziyingozi, njll; Izembatho ezinezingoma ezihlukene zingase futhi zenze izinjongo ezikhethekile ezihlukahlukene, njengokuvimbela umlilo, ukumelana nomswakama, ukuvimbela isikhunta, ukufihla, ukuguquguquka kombala, ukufakwa kwemibala, ukuvikelwa kwemisebe, nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwegesi.

Izembatho ngokuvamile zakhiwa izigaba ezine zezinto zokusetshenziswa: izinto zokwakha ifilimu, i-pigment, izincibilikisi, nezithasiselo. I-substance-forming substance iyisisekelo sokuqamba ama-coatings; Ama-pigments ngokuvamile ayizinto ezinombala ocolekile ezisesimweni esiyimpushana; Ngaphandle kwezingubo ezingenazo i-solvent, izimbotshana eziwuketshezi ezihlukene ngokuvamile ziqukethe izincibilikisi. Njengamanje, izingxenye ezisetshenziswa njengezincibilikisi zokugcoba zihlanganisa amanzi, ama-hydrocarbon aliphatic, ama-hydrocarbons anephunga elimnandi, ama-alcohol, ama-esters, ama-ether, ama-ketones, ama-terpenes, ama-organic compounds ane-chlorinated, njll; Izithasiselo ziyizingxenye ezisizayo zokumboza, futhi ngokuvamile zingama-surfactants adlala indima ebalulekile ekumbozeni.

Ngokusho kwemiphumela yabo ekugqokeni, ama-surfactants asetshenziselwa ukumboza angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: (1) ama-defoamers, ama-wetting agents, ama-dispersants, ama-emulsifiers, njll ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza; (2) ama-anti-caking agents, ama-anti-settling agents, njll. phakathi nenqubo yokubeka okokumboza; (3) ama-ejenti okwakha amafilimu okunamathela: ama-ejenti okomisa, ama-ejenti okwelapha, ama-leveling, ama-anti sagging, njll.; (4) ama-plasticizer, ama-level agent, ama-mold inhibitors, ama-flame retardants, ama-anti-static agents, ama-UV absorbers, njll. athinta ukusebenza kokumboza.

 

4. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants ku-chemical catalysis

Izinga lanoma yikuphi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lihlobene eduze nezakhiwo zemvelo yokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Kutholwe ukuthi ukwengeza ama-surfactants athile ohlelweni lokusabela olwakhiwe ama-reactants amabili ancibilika kalula emanzini nasemafutheni kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokusabela kwamakhemikhali, futhi lo mphumela ubizwa ngokuthi i-surface active catalysis. Inqubo yokusabela kwamakhemikhali eyenziwa ama-surfactants ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-micelle catalysis kanye ne-phase transfer catalysis, phakathi kwayo i-micelle catalysis inokufana ne-enzyme catalysis. Umthelela we-catalytic wama-surfactants ekuphenduleni kwezinto eziphilayo ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi uhlobene nokwakheka kwama-micelles, aziwa ngokuthi i-micelle catalysis.

 

 

5. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-surfactant ku-enzyme catalyzed reaction in micro lotion

Ukwengezwa kwama-surfactants kungathuthukisa umsebenzi we-enzyme kumakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi abonakaliswe ezicini ezintathu ezilandelayo: (1) inhloko ye-polarity yama-molecule e-surfactant ibophezela ngokuqinile kuma-molecule e-enzyme, ngaleyo ndlela ihlakaza ama-enzyme esigaba sezinto eziphilayo futhi ikhulise izinga lokushayisana phakathi kwama-molecule e-enzyme nama-substrates; (2) Umsila we-hydrophobic wama-molecule e-surfactant ungakhanga ngokuphumelelayo ama-hydrophobic substrates ezigabeni ze-organic, uwenze afinyeleleke kalula kuma-enzyme; (3) Ukugwema ngokuphumelelayo ukuvinjelwa kwama-enzyme ngama-substrates nemikhiqizo. Ama-surfactants asetshenziselwa ukucwaninga i-enzyme catalytic reaction ku-lotion encane ngokuvamile i-anionic, i-cationic, i-amphoteric noma i-non-ionic surfactants, njenge-sodium di - (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sulfonate (AOT), i-dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether (C12E4), i-ovodecydebt, njll.

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